tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-45109692794568047452024-02-06T21:48:26.173-08:00ExplorationAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02936137584792569604noreply@blogger.comBlogger15125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4510969279456804745.post-370185064408973462014-02-17T19:56:00.001-08:002014-02-17T19:56:33.491-08:00Juno Mission Update 2/17/14<p> </p> <p><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-min4403YpFo/UwLZ3EFy1QI/AAAAAAAAJ_8/cz4A3Z-vv3I/s1600-h/Juno%252520fires%252520its%252520main%252520engine%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img title="Juno fires its main engine" style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px" border="0" alt="Juno fires its main engine" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-sC8v9Obw5W8/UwLZ4C5_wwI/AAAAAAAAKAE/XHIEqGEAQm0/Juno%252520fires%252520its%252520main%252520engine_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="504" height="379"></a></p> <p align="center"><font size="5"><strong>Juno Mission Elapsed Time:<br>2 Years 196 Days 09 Hours 59 Minutes</strong></font></p> <p align="center"><font size="5"><strong>Time Until Arrival at Jupiter:<br>2 Years 140 Days 00 Hours 05 Minutes</strong></font></p> <h3 align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c">This is one mission that is going slow right now. What I am reporting has taken place that many people may not know completely about. I didn’t until I looked into the matter. This mission’s sites are different from that of any of the other missions I have covered or am covering now.</font></h3> <h3 align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c"></font> </h3> <h3 align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c">Juno won't get near no icy moons of Jupiter. But there is a fascinating video that just came out of Ganymede Jupiter's largest moon:</font></h3> <p align="justify"> <div id="scid:5737277B-5D6D-4f48-ABFC-DD9C333F4C5D:bb637120-b2d3-44bb-b624-56fef05df8ba" class="wlWriterEditableSmartContent" style="float: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px"><div id="0d393186-4213-4ace-af35-7bd9629f9dd1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><div><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jkerr60mhf8&feature=youtube_gdata_player" target="_new"><img src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-7xmUV3kk-mw/UwLZ4qS4oEI/AAAAAAAAKAM/F_i-1NrZGZo/video199a48dd5ffd%25255B62%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" style="border-style: none" galleryimg="no" onload="var downlevelDiv = document.getElementById('0d393186-4213-4ace-af35-7bd9629f9dd1'); downlevelDiv.innerHTML = "<div><object width=\"500\" height=\"281\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/Jkerr60mhf8?hl=en&hd=1\"><\/param><embed src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/Jkerr60mhf8?hl=en&hd=1\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\"><\/embed><\/object><\/div>";" alt=""></a></div></div></div></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="3">Ganymede the Largest Solar System Moon Detailed in a Geologic Map</font></p> <h3 align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c">Animation of a rotating globe of Jupiter's moon Ganymede, with a geologic map superimposed over a global color mosaic. The 37-second animation begins as a global color mosaic image of the moon then quickly fades in the geologic map. More than 400 years after its discovery by astronomer Galileo Galilei, the largest moon in the solar system – Jupiter's moon Ganymede – has finally claimed a spot on the map. A group of scientists led by Geoffrey Collins of Wheaton College has produced the first global geologic map of Ganymede, Jupiter’s seventh moon. The map combines the best images obtained during flybys conducted by NASA's Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft (1979) and Galileo orbiter (1995 to 2003) and is now published by the U. S. Geological Survey as a global map. It technically illustrates the varied geologic character of Ganymede’s surface and is the first global, geologic map of this icy, outer-planet moon. It is a shame but Juno will not be looking at many of Jupiter’s moons.</font></h3> <p align="justify"> </p> <h3 align="justify"><font color="#f9633e">12/10/13 JUNO GIVES STARSHIP-LIKE VIEW OF EARTH FLYBY:</font> </h3> <h3 align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c"></font> </h3> <h3 align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c">Results from Juno's October Earth flyby, shared today at the American Geophysical Union fall meeting, include a unique approach movie and a message sent by amateur radio operators.</font></h3> <p> <div id="scid:5737277B-5D6D-4f48-ABFC-DD9C333F4C5D:edad2370-7a7a-4ad2-910e-ef7dfc7528b3" class="wlWriterEditableSmartContent" style="float: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px"><div id="1bcfcf35-b8b4-4ec4-8f17-f17cc756b843" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><div><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyjNBdbi_Ck&feature=youtube_gdata_player" target="_new"><img src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-7MczKCQNR_4/UwLZ5PMdJbI/AAAAAAAAKAU/kx6ScndE0xQ/video89d88d5350f3%25255B47%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" style="border-style: none" galleryimg="no" onload="var downlevelDiv = document.getElementById('1bcfcf35-b8b4-4ec4-8f17-f17cc756b843'); downlevelDiv.innerHTML = "<div><object width=\"498\" height=\"280\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/uyjNBdbi_Ck?hl=en&hd=1\"><\/param><embed src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/uyjNBdbi_Ck?hl=en&hd=1\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"498\" height=\"280\"><\/embed><\/object><\/div>";" alt=""></a></div></div></div></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="3">Juno Earth Fly –by</font></p> <h3 align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c">When NASA’s Juno spacecraft flew past Earth on Oct. 9, 2013, it received a boost in speed of more than 8,800 mph (about 7.3 kilometer per second), which set it on course for a July 4, 2016, rendezvous with Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system. One of Juno's sensors, a special kind of camera optimized to track faint stars, also had a unique view of the Earth-moon system. The result was an intriguing, low-resolution glimpse of what our world would look like to a visitor from afar. "If Captain Kirk of the USS Enterprise said, ‘Take us home, Scotty,’ this is what the crew would see," said Scott Bolton, Juno principal investigator at the Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio. “In the movie, you ride aboard Juno as it approaches Earth and then soars off into the blackness of space. No previous view of our world has ever captured the heavenly waltz of Earth and moon."</font></h3> <p align="justify"> </p> <h3 align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c">Also during the flyby, Juno's Waves instrument, which is tasked with measuring radio and plasma waves in Jupiter's magnetosphere, recorded amateur radio signals. This was part of a public outreach effort involving ham radio operators from around the world. They were invited to say "HI" to Juno by coordinating radio transmissions that carried the same Morse-coded message. Operators from every continent, including Antarctica, participated.</font></h3> <h3 align="justify"> </h3> <div id="scid:5737277B-5D6D-4f48-ABFC-DD9C333F4C5D:7fcfd665-fa57-4421-ad8c-ba8a3d55e063" class="wlWriterEditableSmartContent" style="float: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px"><div id="b146aeda-b443-4be0-b047-5d43729cb48d" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><div><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vg80vaGj2Gg&feature=youtube_gdata_player" target="_new"><img src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-sYMl9h4ISh0/UwLZ5t2QAMI/AAAAAAAAKAc/wFqpQGyGy18/video32f67bd044d7%25255B33%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" style="border-style: none" galleryimg="no" onload="var downlevelDiv = document.getElementById('b146aeda-b443-4be0-b047-5d43729cb48d'); downlevelDiv.innerHTML = "<div><object width=\"500\" height=\"281\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/Vg80vaGj2Gg?hl=en&hd=1\"><\/param><embed src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/Vg80vaGj2Gg?hl=en&hd=1\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\"><\/embed><\/object><\/div>";" alt=""></a></div></div></div> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="3">Radio Wave Signal fly-by</font></p> <h3 align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c">During its close flyby of Earth, NASA's Jupiter-bound Juno spacecraft listened for a coordinated, global transmission from amateur radio operators using its radio and plasma wave science instrument, known as Waves. This spectrogram and audio file illustrate that Waves did indeed detect the message. The video presents natural radio signals from Earth's magnetosphere along with pieces of the repeated Morse code message, recorded by Juno and turned into sound. In Morse code, characters are formed using dots and dashes, or "dits and dahs." The word "HI" is formed by transmitting four dits for "H," followed by a space and then two more dits for "I." The full message was transmitted 16 times, beginning again every 10 minutes, starting at 18:00 UTC (2 p.m. Eastern time) on Oct. 9, 2013. Each dit lasted 30 seconds. Radio operators used two webpages (provided by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Juno team) to synchronize their transmissions. The green dots at top represent pieces of the repeated message that Juno was able to detect. Grey dots represent parts of the message that were being transmitted, but which were not clearly detected by the Waves instrument. Scientists have processed the data to identify the ham radio signal and to isolate it from the natural background. The strength of the ham radio signals is not indicated here, merely their detection in the data. More than 1,400 radio operators from around the world confirmed their participation in the activity. Given the variable conditions in Earth's ionosphere and uncertainties in how many hams would participate, scientists on the Waves team were not sure all the signals could be detected. They were ecstatic when the message could be readily seen in the data. </font></h3> <p><strong><font color="#f9633e">INSTRUMENT (JEDI) JUNO ENERGETIC PARTICLE DETECTOR INSTRUMENT (JEDI):</font><br></strong><font color="#a7e29c"></font></p> <h3 align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c">The Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instrument (JEDI) will measure the energetic particles that stream through space, and study how they interact with Jupiter’s magnetic field. Jupiter's radiation belts are very strong and dangerous and could pose a hazard to Juno and future missions to Jupiter. So NASA’s study of them are extremely important.</font></h3> <p> <div id="scid:5737277B-5D6D-4f48-ABFC-DD9C333F4C5D:3243f792-99ac-44d8-83a2-9383530f0946" class="wlWriterEditableSmartContent" style="float: none; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px"><div id="87e66801-2324-46cb-b6a1-0f8e2ea92858" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><div><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMaYx1yIQ3k&feature=youtube_gdata_player" target="_new"><img src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-YMBnYJmsn7c/UwLZ6YJ7BYI/AAAAAAAAKAk/PoF8O29vqlg/video4b19a7b595f7%25255B14%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" style="border-style: none" galleryimg="no" onload="var downlevelDiv = document.getElementById('87e66801-2324-46cb-b6a1-0f8e2ea92858'); downlevelDiv.innerHTML = "<div><object width=\"508\" height=\"285\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/HMaYx1yIQ3k?hl=en&hd=1\"><\/param><embed src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/HMaYx1yIQ3k?hl=en&hd=1\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"508\" height=\"285\"><\/embed><\/object><\/div>";" alt=""></a></div></div></div><br></p> <h3 align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c">Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instrument (JEDI) Barry Mauk explains that measuring high-energy particles with JEDI will help us understand how the energy of Jupiter's rotation is being funneled into its magnetosphere and atmosphere. As of Jan. 10, Juno was approximately 125 million kilometers from Earth. The one-way radio signal travel time between Earth and Juno is currently about seven minutes. Juno is currently traveling at a velocity of about 28 kilometers per second relative to the sun. Velocity relative to Earth is about 26 kilometers per second. Juno has now traveled 1.87 billion kilometers, or 12.5 AU since launch.</font></h3> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-w2qEzdCvBng/UwLZ6wWbLHI/AAAAAAAAKAs/cYV9Yd4CHxY/s1600-h/juno%252520solar%252520array%25255B214%25255D.jpg"><img title="juno solar array" style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; float: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-left: auto; border-left: 0px; display: block; padding-right: 0px; margin-right: auto" border="0" alt="juno solar array" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-a8qHa0_Au_0/UwLZ7xj-JAI/AAAAAAAAKA0/PEyr6LDsAPw/juno%252520solar%252520array_thumb%25255B212%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="475" height="357"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="3">One of Juno's Solar Array Panels</font></p> <h3 align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c">On 1/26/14: The Juno spacecraft is in excellent health and is operating nominally. The Juno operations team successfully enabled the solar array medium strings (for the second and final time) on Jan. 7. This action increases available power, adding three medium string panels to the two long string panels, as the spacecraft moves farther outward from the sun and into the asteroid belt. The next (and final) string enable will be to bring the six short-string panels online around Sept. 2014. With that action, the full power production capability of Juno's huge solar arrays -- the first to power a mission to Jupiter -- will be enabled</font></h3> Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02936137584792569604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4510969279456804745.post-14609539493387653382013-10-17T20:06:00.001-07:002013-10-17T20:06:22.897-07:00Juno Mission Update 10/17/13<p> </p> <p><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-0G2hyz9dElo/UmClhKlYFYI/AAAAAAAAHQ8/2gzaaq6lCTI/s1600-h/Juno%252520flyby%252520earth%25255B4%25255D.jpg"><img title="Juno flyby earth" style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px" border="0" alt="Juno flyby earth" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-iRxD8M_nYXA/UmClh8s_0KI/AAAAAAAAHRE/hAKkkmPqVmU/Juno%252520flyby%252520earth_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="511" height="349"></a></p> <p align="center"><font size="4">Elapsed Mission Time:<br>02 years 074 Days 10 Hours 01 Minutes</font></p> <p align="center"><font size="4">Arrival at Jupiter:<br>02 Years 262 Days 00 Hours 02 Minutes</font></p> <p align="center"><font size="4"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><font size="4"></font><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">Since the government shutdown NASA has been shut down. I am happy to report they have come back on-line as the hardheads in congress have finally come to an agreement. So only a small amount of what has been going with Juno has gotten out to the public-they had to have someone on watch somewhere ! But they also had to be few and far between maybe even voluntary. Anyway I will update you about what has been going on:</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-4J1koJ7nQq8/UmCli7WLvUI/AAAAAAAAHRM/GaGeHlNphD0/s1600-h/Junos%252520postion%252520sept%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img title="Junos postion sept" style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px" border="0" alt="Junos postion sept" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-gOziBZPo8PE/UmCljZK6_5I/AAAAAAAAHRU/oZV5G8zmIjE/Junos%252520postion%252520sept_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="504" height="316"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Juno's position to Earth on Sept 16, 2013</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">Juno’s Earth flyby gravity assist was completed on Oct. 9th (not the 12th for unknown reasons) Navigation has confirmed that Juno's current trajectory is "near-perfect" vs. planned. Several Juno science instruments made planned observations during the approach to Earth, including the Advanced Stellar Compass, JunoCam and Waves. These observations provided a useful opportunity to test the instruments during a close planetary encounter and ensure that they work as designed. The main goal of the flyby – to give the spacecraft the boost it needed in order to reach Jupiter – was accomplished successfully, and the spacecraft is healthy and operating as expected.</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-uP69xLc6sIo/UmClkMfNpPI/AAAAAAAAHRc/1x6p1k3pi_U/s1600-h/JUno%252520picture%252520of%252520Earth%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img title="JUno picture of Earth" style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px" border="0" alt="JUno picture of Earth" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-9WByJ8etWUM/UmClkwl9A1I/AAAAAAAAHRk/tkSozqFrzMk/JUno%252520picture%252520of%252520Earth_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="504" height="277"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000"></font><font color="#ff0000" size="2">This image was taken when the spacecraft was close to the Earth. It is also taken through Juno Cam's methane filter. In this one we can see the southernmost tip of South America and a little bit of the Antarctic.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">Soon after its closest approach to Earth, the spacecraft initiated the first of two "safe modes" that have occurred since the flyby. Safe mode is a state that the spacecraft may enter if its on-board computer perceives conditions on the spacecraft are not as expected. Onboard Juno, the safe mode turned off instruments and a few non-critical spacecraft components, and pointed the spacecraft toward the sun to ensure the solar arrays received power. The likely cause of the safe mode was an incorrect setting for a fault protection trigger for the spacecraft's battery. During the eclipse the solar cells, as expected, were not generating electricity and the spacecraft was drawing on the battery supply. When the voltage dropped below this fault protection trigger, the spacecraft initiated the safe mode sequence. The spacecraft acted as expected during the transition into and while in safe mode. The spacecraft exited the safe mode on Oct. 11.</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-EbD0kSLomts/UmCllh4F_5I/AAAAAAAAHRo/gUYvU1WuN-o/s1600-h/Juno%252520Eartn%252520dayside%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img title="Juno Eartn dayside" style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px" border="0" alt="Juno Eartn dayside" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-y8BTsqXtX-4/UmClmQdG5WI/AAAAAAAAHR0/RSw199tA1LQ/Juno%252520Eartn%252520dayside_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="504" height="277"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Flyby Photo of Juno: Earth dayside Time: 12:03:30 PDT Exposure: 0.2 milliseconds Time delay integration: 1</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-7CzWsfq2yUY/UmClm6dWkGI/AAAAAAAAHR4/4fsFQRnvEAE/s1600-h/JUno%252520moon%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img title="JUno moon" style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px" border="0" alt="JUno moon" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-Ahyo1GTXV6g/UmClnV85VEI/AAAAAAAAHSA/QT8a8ML5RlU/JUno%252520moon_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="504" height="147"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">The first color reconstruction of the Moon.</font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">The spacecraft entered the safe mode configuration again on Sunday evening (10/13/13). When the spacecraft's onboard computer transitioned from the Earth flyby sequence to the cruise sequence, a component called the stellar reference unit remained in the Earth flyby configuration. When the spacecraft's computer saw the draw on electricity was slightly greater than expected, it did as it was programmed to do and initiated a safe mode event. The mission team is in two-way communications with the spacecraft and it is operating as expected, and designed for, in safe mode. They expect to exit safe mode sometime next week. With the Earth flyby completed, Juno is now on course for arrival at Jupiter on July 4, 2016.</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-G8NQh3OSQCU/UmCloSPw_xI/AAAAAAAAHSM/0I6hb8kmz_0/s1600-h/junoposition-fullsept%25252017%25255B5%25255D.jpg"><img title="junoposition-fullsept 17" style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px" border="0" alt="junoposition-fullsept 17" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-CsSuN7-sCX8/UmClpAIvAiI/AAAAAAAAHSQ/KX2MWaw0FLA/junoposition-fullsept%25252017_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="504" height="316"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Juno's Position to Earth October 17, 2013</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">As of Oct. 17, Juno was approximately 4.4 million miles (7.1 million kilometers) from Earth. The one-way radio signal travel time between Earth and Juno is currently about 24 seconds. Juno is currently traveling at a velocity of about 23.6 miles (38 kilometers) per second relative to the sun. Velocity relative to Earth is about 6.5 miles (10.4 kilometers) per second. Juno has now traveled 1.01 billion miles (1.63 billion kilometers, or 10.9 AU) since launch.</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-MG1Qjxh4hBs/UmClqpQGv5I/AAAAAAAAHSc/joFzkj-xlfg/s1600-h/Juno%252520halfway%252520sign%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img title="Juno halfway sign" style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px" border="0" alt="Juno halfway sign" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-hTfU74Zzo3g/UmClrU-FaZI/AAAAAAAAHSg/FiasMCM315I/Juno%252520halfway%252520sign_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="504" height="285"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="3">Juno is now halfway to Jupiter !!!</font></p> Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02936137584792569604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4510969279456804745.post-46746391458412056972013-09-26T18:52:00.001-07:002013-09-26T18:52:47.052-07:00Juno Mission Update 9/26/13<p> </p> <p><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-NejgDGQIixQ/UkTk1Wjhn3I/AAAAAAAAG04/Xm_JJqPFMa0/s1600-h/Juno%252520fires%252520its%252520main%252520engine%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img title="Juno fires its main engine" style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px" border="0" alt="Juno fires its main engine" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-qSIxFtSeqds/UkTk2Fp60ZI/AAAAAAAAG1A/F6kdAh5hBkA/Juno%252520fires%252520its%252520main%252520engine_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="504" height="379"></a><font size="4"><strong></strong></font></p> <p><font size="4"><strong></strong></font> </p> <p align="center"><font size="4"><strong>Elapsed Mission Time:</strong></font></p> <p align="center"><font size="4"><strong>02 Years 53 days (1.75 months) 06 Hours 43 Minutes<br></p><u></u></strong></font> <p align="center"><font size="4"><strong><u>To Earth Flyby:</u><br><font color="#ff0000"></font></strong></font></p> <p align="center"><font size="4"><strong><font color="#ff0000">12 Days 20 Hours 13 Minutes</font><br></p></strong></font> <p align="center"><font size="4"><strong>To Jupiter Arrival:<br></strong></font></p> <p align="center"><font size="4"><strong>02 Years 283 Days (9.93 months) 03 Hours 20 Minutes</strong></font></p> <p align="center"><strong><font size="4"></font></strong> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">NASA's Juno spacecraft successfully executed a second Deep Space Maneuver, called DSM-2 on Friday, Sept. 14. The 30 minute firing of its main engine refined the Jupiter-bound spacecraft's trajectory, setting the stage for a gravity assist from a flyby of Earth on Oct 9, 2013. Juno will arrive at Jupiter on July 4, 2016.The maneuver began at 3:30 p.m. PDT (6:30 p.m. EDT), when the Leros-1b main engine began to fire. The burn ended at 4 p.m. PDT (7 p.m. EDT). Based on telemetry, the Juno project team believes the burn was accurate, changing the spacecraft's velocity by about 867 mph (388 meters a second) while consuming about 829 pounds (376 kilograms) of fuel. The burn occurred when Juno was more than 298 million miles (480 million kilometers) from Earth.</font></p> <p align="justify"><strong><font size="4"><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-ViZkBnDRT5A/UkTk4ObOhnI/AAAAAAAAG1I/zVzwl_XugYo/s1600-h/Juno%252520Position%2525209-26%25255B4%25255D.jpg"><img title="Juno Position 9-26" style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px" border="0" alt="Juno Position 9-26" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-Ffugxqiw5K0/UkTk40jI5aI/AAAAAAAAG1Q/sV9LmRTxXsc/Juno%252520Position%2525209-26_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="512" height="344"></a></font></strong></p> <p align="center"><strong><font size="4"></font></strong><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Juno's Current Position</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">As of Sept. 16, Juno was approximately 13 million miles (21 million kilometers) from Earth. The one-way radio signal travel time between Earth and Juno is currently about 71 seconds. Juno is currently traveling at a velocity of about 23 miles (37 kilometers) per second relative to the sun. Velocity relative to Earth is about 7 miles (11 kilometers) per second. Juno has now traveled 951 million miles (1.53 billion kilometers, or 10.1 AU) since launch. The Juno spacecraft is in excellent health and is operating nominally. All science instruments are powered off except for the magnetometer experiment, which continues to operate in low-power mode.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-zfpcg4t8MAE/UkTk5jiZsSI/AAAAAAAAG1Y/dfGbMRIox-8/s1600-h/Juno%252520earth%252520f%25253Byby%25255B5%25255D.jpg"><img title="Juno earth f;yby" style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px" border="0" alt="Juno earth f;yby" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-a9WpQPgX1ZY/UkTk6SN3ImI/AAAAAAAAG1g/3gDLIAmppD0/Juno%252520earth%252520f%25253Byby_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="510" height="269"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Artist’s rendering of the Juno spacecraft approaching Earth on Oct. 9, 2013.</font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">NASA’s Jupiter-bound Juno spacecraft will perform a close flyby of Earth on Oct. 9, 2013. The time of closest approach is approximately 19:21 UTC (3:21 pm U.S. Eastern time). During the flyby Juno will come to within 347 miles (559 kilometers) of Earth. Juno will receive a huge boost from Earth’s gravity equivalent to about 70 percent of the total change in velocity, or delta-v, provided by the Atlas V 551 rocket. The boost from the flyby is almost as powerful as a second rocket launch. The spacecraft passes over South Africa at the point of closest approach. Shortly after this point, Juno will pass into Earth’s shadow for about 20 minutes. Juno emerges from the planet’s shadow when it is about 5,400 miles (8,700 kilometers) above Earth at approximately 19:39 UTC when it is over the east coast of India.</font> </p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-li-tduV7gkw/UkTk6yS9zkI/AAAAAAAAG1k/M5pgUbgnhGw/s1600-h/Juno%252520flyby%252520earth%252520shadow%25255B4%25255D.jpg"><img title="Juno flyby earth shadow" style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px" border="0" alt="Juno flyby earth shadow" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-BhkRH7dehLg/UkTk7uZcHNI/AAAAAAAAG1w/XFsACfmS2JU/Juno%252520flyby%252520earth%252520shadow_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="508" height="298"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Map showing Juno’s ground track during the Earth flyby.</font></p> <ul> <li> <div align="justify"><font size="3"><font color="#a7e29c">Plans for the close flyby:<br>The close flyby provides the opportunity for a trial run of science operations at Jupiter. The Juno team will use this occasion to exercise Juno’s science instruments and sample a planetary magnetosphere to get a preview of what to expect from the spacecraft once it arrives at the giant planet. Most of Juno’s science instruments have observations planned for the encounter, except for the exquisitely sensitive Microwave Radiometer, which will remain powered off as a protective measure. <br></font></div></font></li> <li> <div align="justify"><font size="3"><font color="#a7e29c">Juno’s imaging camera for public engagement, called JunoCam, will take a series of color images of our home planet beginning near the time of closest approach. <br></font></div></font></li> <li> <div align="justify"><font size="3"><font color="#a7e29c">The radio and plasma wave instrument, called Waves, will listen to the transmissions of Earth’s magnetosphere – possibly detecting signals of human origin as well.<br></font></div></font></li> <li> <div align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">Once processing of these data products is completed, these visuals will be published.</font></div></li></ul> Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02936137584792569604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4510969279456804745.post-19378419186905716852013-06-29T20:25:00.001-07:002013-06-29T20:25:40.959-07:00Juno Mission Update 6/29/13<p> </p> <p><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-hp35V2eAk2Q/Uc-lBhFXUCI/AAAAAAAAFtQ/W7a3lIxaAJA/s1600-h/Juno%252520fires%252520its%252520main%252520engine%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img title="Juno fires its main engine" style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px" border="0" alt="Juno fires its main engine" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-WBpIX_YCi_o/Uc-lC-R6dbI/AAAAAAAAFtY/9MZPT5VrU1M/Juno%252520fires%252520its%252520main%252520engine_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="504" height="379"></a></p> <p> </p> <p align="center"><font size="4"><strong>Mission Elapsed Time:<br>694 Days (1.91 years) 10 Hours 17 Minutes</strong></font></p> <p align="center"><font size="4"><strong>Time to Earth Flyby Gravity Assist:<br>101 Days (3.4 months)16 Hours 45 Minutes</strong></font></p> <p align="center"><font size="4"><strong>Time of Jupiter Arrival:<br>3 years 6 days 23 Hours 50 Minutes</strong></font> </p> <p align="center"> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">As of June 21, Juno was approximately 50 million miles (80 million kilometers) from Earth. The one-way radio signal travel time between Earth and Juno is currently about 4.5 minutes. Juno is currently traveling at a velocity of about 19 miles (30 kilometers) per second relative to the sun, and increasing. Velocity relative to Earth is about 1.6 miles (2.6 kilometers) per second. Juno has now traveled 785 million miles (1.26 billion kilometers) since launch. The Juno spacecraft is in excellent health and is operating nominally as it cruises toward its Oct. 9 Earth flyby gravity assist maneuver.</font> </p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="center"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-a0x8ie8_d8E/Uc-lFDi-qbI/AAAAAAAAFtg/DETiL8mZFRU/s1600-h/Juno%2525204-29-13%25255B6%25255D.jpg"><img title="Juno 4-29-13" style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px" border="0" alt="Juno 4-29-13" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-bbXetrYQhMY/Uc-lHVH5hZI/AAAAAAAAFto/svSwSDMiUWc/Juno%2525204-29-13_thumb%25255B4%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="511" height="305"></a><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Juno’s Position and Course 6/29/13</font></p> <p><font color="#d24813" size="3"><strong>Recent spacecraft significant events:</strong></font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">As of May 29, Juno has entered the phase of its mission titled "Inner Cruise 3," in which it has switched from its high-data-rate High Gain Antenna to its suite of lower data rate antennas. The magnetometer experiment remains powered on at low data rates, with all other science instruments currently powered off. Inner Cruise 3 lasts through Nov. 2013 and includes the Earth flyby.</font> </p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-g4UBqtJXSRM/Uc-lIU0zt_I/AAAAAAAAFtw/shS0b9KWXcM/s1600-h/Juno%252520High%252520Gain%252520Antenna%25255B4%25255D.jpg"><img title="Juno High Gain Antenna" style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px" border="0" alt="Juno High Gain Antenna" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-BRY41qqWz3Q/Uc-lKkXHEFI/AAAAAAAAFt4/-xvkcL73-_c/Juno%252520High%252520Gain%252520Antenna_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="506" height="523"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Juno's Communications Antennas: The Juno spacecraft has five antennas, including the largest and primary communication antenna, known as the high-gain antenna (HGA). Four other antennas can be used as backups, or when the main antenna is pointed away from Earth, for certain science operations and navigation maneuvers.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">The solar-powered Juno spacecraft and its saucer-shaped high-gain antenna (or HGA) always point sunward, but while Juno is in the inner solar system, Earth’s position on the sky shifts dramatically. Earth’s movement means that Juno cannot always use its HGA and benefit from its high data rate connection. For this reason, the spacecraft has a suite of antennas that allow communications with Earth from other angles, but at the cost of lower data rates, resulting in a reduction in Juno’s ability to transmit science data during that time. Juno’s science instruments will be powered on again shortly before the Earth flyby, slated for Oct. 9. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-aFUs4e5otAw/Uc-lL98U3BI/AAAAAAAAFuA/rH11wUvL2kQ/s1600-h/Juno%252527s%252520main%252520engine%252520covered%2525202%25255B4%25255D.jpg"><img title="Juno's main engine covered 2" style="border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px" border="0" alt="Juno's main engine covered 2" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-V0d5emRSe7M/Uc-lM1TAbGI/AAAAAAAAFuI/4FV3NmPs3mE/Juno%252527s%252520main%252520engine%252520covered%2525202_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="513" height="284"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Juno’s Main Engine Covered</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">Juno’s mission ops team performed a flush of the spacecraft’s main engine on May 1, firing the engine for a couple of seconds. The team does this maintenance activity about once per year to flush contaminants from the propellant lines that feed the main engine.</font></p> Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02936137584792569604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4510969279456804745.post-57602309499014639402013-04-29T21:20:00.001-07:002013-06-29T19:55:24.861-07:00Juno Mission Update 4/29/13<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5XHIsLOShRFofHz8mHiIS8vyOsbRxdw4-AQmn3Pc6rF2kz8_LFk2li68pyS2A9JwYt9yLdGIKH9hZ2R-TAwudkRSomIjY6FI_n9XcY5eB2LR6zQyRhnQ7EifEQMCUZr0EvsEp2XoOZBdG/s1600-h/Juno%252520spacecraft%2525203%25255B5%25255D.jpg"><img alt="Juno spacecraft 3" border="0" height="493" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkZagOAahaPij5H0lQhxGAElZn5x9Vzz_k9Fu_jdnb1p9dXKUQm-DI4ofF8lzhFZqIwDMnqwm-OI6TZkmXfFzkCb2ute8xCmxDKZDVFOSi_Yrd3hN6s81ghuxFXg5L3Gmpgprm7I_zkFIE/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border: 0px currentColor; display: inline; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Juno spacecraft 3" width="512" /></a><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;">Mission Elapsed Time:<br />633 Days (1.73 yrs.) 10 Hours 45 Minutes</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;">Time to Earth Flyby Gravity Assist:<br />162 Days 16 Hours 11 Minutes</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;">Time to Jupiter Arrival:<br />3 Years 67 Days 23 Hours 16 Minutes</span></div>
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<span style="color: #a7e29c; font-size: small;">As of April 29, Juno was approximately 52 million miles (84 million kilometers) from Earth. The one-way radio signal travel time between Earth and Juno is currently about 4.7 minutes. Juno is currently traveling at a velocity of about 15 miles (24 kilometers) per second relative to the sun. Velocity relative to Earth is about 6.8 miles (11 kilometers) per second.</span> </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj0hg2tovLK-jJShQVk0ERMj1pifL1HBAE-AYif0fNvLzNf0I0VGfGuMNQzIhFNsZzh0BTQ7UgRQVCY8h576tWUOwhud9IcGRXx0BqjQrt94RhkaSK66ZcM8hlc1VJAAN7DbQOBdAnbQ2r/s1600-h/Juno%2525204-29-13%25255B5%25255D.jpg"><img alt="Juno 4-29-13" border="0" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4U-o9tZrsL17oJd_DKxCelBydug5DQtzLKgx9Stk8RpQNV-wDVXFtByb08ChIxAN4T2P8RfecsCrbI4LY1Q8LTvddeGNODa2rff32KcuAQPUhtLh_oAbun8T-7WEIJzTZO3KfA2eA8lGc/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border: 0px currentColor; display: inline; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Juno 4-29-13" width="514" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: x-small;">Juno's Course and Position as of 4/29/13</span></div>
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<span style="color: #a7e29c; font-size: small;">Juno has now traveled 704 million miles since launch -- this is approximately 40 percent of the total distance the spacecraft travels between launch and orbit insertion at Jupiter. The Juno spacecraft is in excellent health and is operating nominally. Four instruments -- JEDI, MWR, Waves, and MAG -- are turned on. Juno is currently headed back toward the inner solar system for a planned Earth flyby gravity assist maneuver on Oct. 9, 2013. The Juno mission operations team is continuing their planning activities in advance of this critical maneuver. The gravity assist will give the spacecraft the boost it needs to reach Jupiter, where it is slated to arrive in July 2016.</span><br />
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<span style="color: red; font-size: x-small;">A high resolution image of Jupiter's clouds taken by NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft as it flew past the planet in March 1979.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCYBkCW3rxpTN0brd32Du8OQBJs0gT0AFQ4OQB-_x-BOzgwLjEsDAc8mFsaMca4idx32YeuiwU-jh_XW7eUzZj9McCZ_U-H_eL1HqSt4M7zXJT5bkBbFIaJWihZvviLJyDv4dHMkEGEAf-/s1600-h/Artists%252520Jupiter%252520clourdscape%25255B5%25255D.jpg"><img alt="Artists Jupiter clourdscape" border="0" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfbPLpksa1u7H5M_8MHnk0MFxOmkGwPurtSfgk4hn11XbCDGSeXz3dTFFmchJ8DheN6j2hKbwnl6sC_YB_ZFm4RythiHATQ0oyi-i7n3V9x4XdG6XZLLWbCcD067Zy0wwmLyvO3t_5eFL0/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border: 0px currentColor; display: inline; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Artists Jupiter clourdscape" width="505" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: x-small;">Artist's rendering of a Jupiter cloudscape.</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-M9ZEuELjRUc/UX9GgXit4xI/AAAAAAAAFac/kOuYZI6Dlfs/s1600-h/Jupiter%252527s%252520red%252520spot%252520close%252520up%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img alt="Jupiter's red spot close up" border="0" height="347" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdFaswj0cuDw9C96oZArOB3TGOByGQYDc_BJCVrjrLTcT2TbRK33XB8-uUGrYoO8Y2zHqdO6F2wwDrdfY-FKeOyOQGFnKxnXB0t4by6U3fEDqBxX4YLrekWt6I6G2nKeHRYm_GlaXcCmsP/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border: 0px currentColor; display: inline; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Jupiter's red spot close up" width="504" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: x-small;">Jupiter's clouds can swirl rapidly in raised high-pressure storm systems that circle the planet. The above pictured white ovals are located near the Great Red Spot, and have persisted on Jupiter since the 1930s. The Great Red Spot has persisted for at least 300 years. Currently, no one knows why ovals last as long as they do. White ovals are confined to circular belts around Jupiter, but can interact to cause nearby chaotic cloud regions.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqfybyBLt32ZfudEgzvPqj2WlpW53-PdYd11BqmgvF_CVHYSh_NG0lSP2fC34Vz7bFQosmuC7M5fYgqovK0KwieXLeqetA6K9Oqu7HBg9-45OjZbBoKk2aSFK2nj-oRi7PSrysHgzGoycl/s1600-h/Diagram%252520showing%252520Jupiter%252527s%252520theorietical%252520characteristics%25255B4%25255D.jpg"><img alt="Diagram showing Jupiter's theorietical characteristics" border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTgbSw3QaNV0OagUw8BntF7w3-Zxca13T17SAjU2TnYQytdnv-jWmMH4IHKJBHXQv7jEeAlCcgI8cRHIm7_QjkWDTpTtvir_VCLW4_FxLtIupsXek-D0SNEff2A9Xzjc1-WV9AmAsNJ_dS/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border: 0px currentColor; display: inline; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Diagram showing Jupiter's theorietical characteristics" width="508" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: x-small;">Diagram showing theoretical conditions, temperatures, and pressures in Jupiter's interior.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02936137584792569604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4510969279456804745.post-35705450836330341302013-03-15T19:40:00.001-07:002013-03-16T11:59:11.607-07:00Juno Mission Update 3/15/13<br />
<a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-RQhnY4hos94/UUPbqXnlJII/AAAAAAAAFPU/dpxkOn0wrNk/s1600-h/New%252520JUno%252520image%2525203-14%25255B4%25255D.jpg"><img alt="New JUno image 3-14" border="0" height="495" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-1xPAJtkz94o/UUPbrEfSRxI/AAAAAAAAFPc/91kFcxEfLk8/New%252520JUno%252520image%2525203-14_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border-width: 0px; display: inline; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="New JUno image 3-14" width="510" /></a><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;">Mission Elapsed Time:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"> 588 Days (1.61 yrs.) 09 Hours 30 MinuteS</span></div>
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Time to Earth Flyby Gravity Assist:</div>
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207 Days (.57 yrs.) 17 Hours 27 Minutes</div>
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Time To Jupiter Arrival:</div>
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03 Years 111 Days 01 Hours 35 Minutes</div>
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<span style="color: #69b7f5;">As of March 8, Juno is approximately 92 million miles (147 million kilometers) from Earth, with a one-way radio signal travel time of 8.2 minutes. Juno is currently traveling at a velocity of 12.6 miles (20.2 kilometers) per second relative to the sun. Velocity relative to Earth is 13.9 miles (22.4 kilometers) per second.</span> </div>
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<a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-7dT0peLejBw/UUPbsKfpSRI/AAAAAAAAFPk/qwR7VEJ1emU/s1600-h/Juno%252520position%2525203-14-13%25255B4%25255D.jpg"><img alt="Juno position 3-14-13" border="0" height="342" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-0DWUXzUgOfY/UUPbs-vQ3dI/AAAAAAAAFPs/NHLmrJixsg8/Juno%252520position%2525203-14-13_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border-width: 0px; display: inline; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Juno position 3-14-13" width="508" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Juno's Present Course and Position</span></div>
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<span style="color: #69b7f5; font-size: small;">The Juno spacecraft is in excellent health and is operating nominally. Four instruments -- JEDI, <span style="color: #69b7f5;">MAG, MWR and Waves -- are turned on.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"></span><span style="color: #c0504d;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: small;"><strong>'Hot Spots' Ride a Merry-Go-Round on Jupiter:</strong></span></div>
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<a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-_Ve1bNVD2V0/UUPl7BRB0xI/AAAAAAAAFP0/e2j9FjkvnzY/s1600-h/jupiter%252520hot%252520spot%252520photo%25255B3%25255D.jpg"><img alt="jupiter hot spot photo" border="0" height="348" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-RkZMtpQGrpY/UUPl7vLcJUI/AAAAAAAAFP8/IbS8DVib7HU/jupiter%252520hot%252520spot%252520photo_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border: 0px currentColor; display: inline; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="jupiter hot spot photo" width="504" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: x-small;">This false-color image from Cassini is a window deep into Jupiter's atmosphere. The arrow points to the dark hot spot. The bluish clouds to the right are in the upper troposphere, or perhaps higher still, in the stratosphere. The reddish gyre under the hot spot to the right and the large reddish plume at its lower left are in the lower troposphere.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #69b7f5; font-size: small;">In the swirling canopy of Jupiter's atmosphere, cloudless patches are so exceptional that the big ones get the special name "hot spots." Exactly how these clearings form and why they're only found near the planet’s equator have long been mysteries. Now, using images from NASA's Cassini spacecraft, scientists have found new evidence that hot spots in Jupiter's atmosphere are created by a Rossby wave, a pattern also seen in Earth's atmosphere and oceans. The team found the wave responsible for the hot spots glides up and down through layers of the atmosphere like a carousel horse on a merry-go-round. Rossby waves are atmospheric waves (can be seen in the troughs and ridges of 500 hPa geopotential caused by midlatitude cyclones and anticyclones). The hPa or hecotoPascal is the SI derived unit of pressure, internal pressure, or stress in the atmosphere. It is a measure of force per unit area, defined as one newton per square meter. Rossby waves have been suggested as an important mechanism to account for the heating of Europa's ocean.</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: x-small;">NASA postdoctoral fellow David Choi discusses his study of dark features in Jupiter's atmosphere called "hot spots," and their connection to large-scale atmospheric waves.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #69b7f5; font-size: small;">This is the first time anybody has closely tracked the shape of multiple hot spots over a period of time, which is the best way to appreciate the dynamic nature of these features," said the study's lead author, David Choi, a NASA Postdoctoral Fellow working at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. The paper was published online in the April issue of the journal Icarus. Choi and his colleagues made time-lapse movies from hundreds of observations taken by Cassini during its flyby of Jupiter in late 2000, when the spacecraft made its closest approach to the planet. The movies zoom in on a line of hot spots between one of Jupiter's dark belts and bright white zones, roughly 7 degrees north of the equator. Covering about two months (in Earth time), the study examines the daily and weekly changes in the sizes and shapes of the hot spots, each of which covers more area than North America, on average.</span></div>
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<a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-ZfJxg7uMvh0/UUPl8mNvsLI/AAAAAAAAFQM/rLQpNZ0K3F0/s1600-h/Jupiters%252520hot%252520spot%252520vorices%25255B4%25255D.jpg"><img alt="Jupiters hot spot vorices" border="0" height="610" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEC1vgoCZG7FfJBg3E-W8tCRhS9B7YXiqe7sqC63hJymUv6kwe36DtDjWZ68YMvDkT120KeBJEQmSWcwohbEo-6FkSMZQ5lxRZtf4n43hF55vrtYq44kim_d2s1xFthVLhQqrhJD6AdWB1/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border: 0px currentColor; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Jupiters hot spot vorices" width="446" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><br />In this series of images from Cassini, a dark, rectangular hot spot (top) interacts with a line of vortices that approaches from on the upper-right side (second panel). The interaction distorts the shape of the hot spot (third panel), leaving it diminished (bottom).</span></div>
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<span style="color: #69b7f5; font-size: small;">Much of what scientists know about hot spots came from NASA's Galileo mission, which released an atmospheric probe that descended into a hot spot in 1995. This was the first, and so far only, in-situ investigation of Jupiter's atmosphere. Galileo's probe data and a handful of orbiter images hinted at the complex winds swirling around and through these hot spots, raised questions about whether they fundamentally were waves, cyclones or something in between," said Ashwin Vasavada, a paper co-author who is based at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., and who was a member of the Cassini imaging team during the Jupiter flyby. "Cassini's fantastic movies now show the entire life cycle and evolution of hot spots in great detail.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzwy0_6_ijuxRExLkAaDXDyj44afSRj80A6G0n912Zck0h5zzQZh4xk5DuxXb4azVn3yk2A6SiTA3Ky_aOI7wAy0yt1qaNL5adIz62qR2h7onPYvRhz82zP-0SWqbZVZjayhocfjiFhZOL/s1600-h/Jupiter%252520Infrared%252520image%252520of%252520Jupiter%252520taken%252520by%252520the%252520ESO%252527s%252520Very%252520Large%252520Telescope.%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img alt="Jupiter Infrared image of Jupiter taken by the ESO's Very Large Telescope." border="0" height="504" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4XwB7a6t1chQAORPg7LJPSrtvZNS37b69h9-qNkAhZ0yYZVg0IplwbXc1PXbg3udbbaGP856BlZ2Fy3l6vJnNYVTYzkBX8rSA0qRCbBy2XtkdYxjGi3KbM9q-qvjVkon2G-E-I04AskXv/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border: 0px currentColor; display: inline; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Jupiter Infrared image of Jupiter taken by the ESO's Very Large Telescope." width="504" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Infrared image of Jupiter taken by the ESO's Very Large Telescope.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #69b7f5; font-size: small;">Because hot spots are breaks in the clouds, they provide windows into a normally unseen layer of Jupiter's atmosphere, possibly all the way down to the level where water clouds can form. In pictures, hot spots appear shadowy, but because the deeper layers are warmer, hot spots are very bright at the infrared wavelengths where heat is sensed; in fact, this is how they got their name. One hypothesis is that hot spots occur when big drafts of air sink in the atmosphere and get heated or dried out in the process. But the surprising regularity of hot spots has led some researchers to suspect there is an atmospheric wave involved. Typically, eight to 10 hot spots line up, roughly evenly spaced, with dense white plumes of cloud in between. This pattern could be explained by a wave that pushes cold air down, breaking up any clouds, and then carries warm air up, causing the heavy cloud cover seen in the plumes. Computer modeling has strengthened this line of reasoning.</span> </div>
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<span style="color: #69b7f5; font-size: small;">From the Cassini movies, the researchers mapped the winds in and around each hot spot and plume, and examined interactions with vortices that pass by, in addition to wind gyres, or spiraling vortices, that merge with the hot spots. To separate these motions from the jet stream in which the hot spots reside, the scientists also tracked the movements of small "scooter" clouds, similar to cirrus clouds on Earth. This provided what may be the first direct measurement of the true wind speed of the jet stream, which was clocked at about 300 to 450 mph (500 to 720 kilometers per hour) -- much faster than anyone previously thought. The hot spots amble at the more leisurely pace of about 225 mph (362 kilometers per hour). By teasing out these individual movements, the researchers saw that the motions of the hot spots fit the pattern of a Rossby wave in the atmosphere. On Earth, Rossby waves play a major role in weather. For example, when a blast of frigid Arctic air suddenly dips down and freezes Florida's crops, a Rossby wave is interacting with the polar jet stream and sending it off its typical course. The wave travels around our planet but periodically wanders north and south as it goes.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02936137584792569604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4510969279456804745.post-28715309761564079632013-01-21T00:08:00.001-08:002013-01-21T00:08:47.218-08:00Juno Mission Update 1/21/13<p> </p> <p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcwP_fS8xH6DuRW5oZbZOVykjVMzh-heffqCYshLqAr2P67jQGtHtYSg-lrJlcMuyLMsnbluHG6L-txqfOytlQnSP97UQlNOQaSudJ_gPzsEoPsijjPlcuKXwlJc07-L_EwIvKRoZ5GOfz/s1600-h/JunoAboveClouds%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="JunoAboveClouds" border="0" alt="JunoAboveClouds" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnPD2BrEaJK3bi1tMn4xiUwu6-oCEzQ7xnmpHPn_BxTfrcxNbVDfyrpjcdO7IcWlFMlN7oMs9VhFRiKZC830pmfABHrM-cFRtt9JTMNfla63kQZh0g2246f8U8_UwU6BtS3qvJCMkp1QcT/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="484"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#d24813" size="4">Elapsed Mission Time:<br>534 Days (1.46 yrs.) 12 Hours 56 Minutes</font></p> <p align="center"><font color="#d24813" size="4">Time Until Earth Flyby Gravity Assist:<br>261 Days (.72 yrs.) 02 Hours 01 Minutes</font></p> <p align="center"><font color="#d24813" size="4"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">As of Jan. 20, Juno was approximately 160 million miles (257 million kilometers) from Earth, with a one-way radio signal travel time of approximately 14 minutes. Juno is currently traveling at a velocity of 11 miles (18 kilometers) per second relative to the sun. Velocity relative to Earth is 20 miles (32 kilometers) per second. </font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimfjcCJaOux8IYsBRb0ZM2Ks0ltB93_avchEzK63AWvkeAw7E6nFPDNEKTAjsUhp_CKWZ4XPRPlY0MXaByQtqKZ9XABWH_aWT1YLXZe5npInzGK6sVRKRwOmcK6fzqYJDwIVVDCSH3Yr5m/s1600-h/Juno%252520pos%2525201-20-13%25255B7%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno pos 1-20-13" border="0" alt="Juno pos 1-20-13" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-gBP1Orq8DJ4/UPz3ioeaI5I/AAAAAAAAE_Q/cra_AsyDwYM/Juno%252520pos%2525201-20-13_thumb%25255B5%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="508" height="312"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2" face="Arial">Juno's Course and Position 1/20/13</font></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2" face="Arial"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#54ab9e" size="3">The Juno spacecraft is in excellent health and is operating nominally. Four instruments -- JEDI, MWR, Waves, and MAG -- are turned on. Juno is currently headed back toward the inner solar system for a planned Earth flyby gravity assist maneuver on Oct. 9, 2013. The gravity assist will give the spacecraft the boost it needs to reach Jupiter, where it is slated to arrive in July 2016.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#54ab9e" size="3"></font> </p> <p align="center"><font color="#d24813" size="4"></font> </p> <p align="center"><font color="#d24813" size="4"><strong><font size="3">Juno Mission Overview Update</font>:</strong></font></p> <p align="center"> <div style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: none; padding-top: 0px" id="scid:5737277B-5D6D-4f48-ABFC-DD9C333F4C5D:0ad7432d-8e0b-4b09-a3d8-b4c75f210592" class="wlWriterEditableSmartContent"><div id="b79dcc20-479e-4502-8aed-2a2040f9022e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><div><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bO7XzeNLeaQ&feature=youtube_gdata_player" target="_new"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDt9OsKaqDXczGXCp60K6Dkn8F1UY4jL7wDrPAmNQCIGBfhJo9KmQ3gz8aHnJJ9RRhTRLdxd8XTNEgnd_icp6eQwTHlxK6kcEfnC2dtWJ-61UMiiS1ttcDEikycw7gcrC72o74M9aNNNzZ/?imgmax=800" style="border-style: none" galleryimg="no" onload="var downlevelDiv = document.getElementById('b79dcc20-479e-4502-8aed-2a2040f9022e'); downlevelDiv.innerHTML = "<div><object width=\"505\" height=\"284\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/bO7XzeNLeaQ?hl=en&hd=1\"><\/param><embed src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/bO7XzeNLeaQ?hl=en&hd=1\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"505\" height=\"284\"><\/embed><\/object><\/div>";" alt=""></a></div></div></div><font color="#d24813" size="4"></font></p> Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02936137584792569604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4510969279456804745.post-33244800986477307202012-12-12T19:03:00.001-08:002012-12-12T19:03:10.969-08:00Juno Mission Update 12/12/12<p> </p> <p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitADR_bEZ3WRi3eDbbhKLdPgiQl_IAjQMY69ZE_2TwZASX5pdimIOauYmDs73TbLk8PrvEAM0ZO17hhmdFu15RGAsV47n42MzfWiLd044ya8LAUJbxkbAuUgdXU3mjWBDa_0NBv3ms1YbK/s1600-h/Juno%252520firing%252520rockets%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno firing rockets" border="0" alt="Juno firing rockets" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-_CEyn0YsNqM/UMlFHX71U9I/AAAAAAAAD4k/y4KK4VDeolw/Juno%252520firing%252520rockets_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="504" height="379"></a></p> <p> </p> <p align="center"><font color="#ffc000" size="4">Mission Elapsed Time:<br>495 Days (1.36 yrs.) 09 Hours 39 Minutes</font></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ffc000" size="4">Time of Earth Flyby Gravity Assist:<br>300 Days (.82 yrs.) 06 Hours 17 Minutes</font></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ffc000" size="4">Juno's Time of Arrival:<br>1300 Days ( 3.55 yrs.) 00 Hours 18 Minutes</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#d3a938"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#54ab9e" size="3">Juno is currently headed back toward the inner solar system for a planned Earth flyby gravity assist maneuver on Oct. 9, 2013. The gravity assist will give the spacecraft the boost it needs to reach Jupiter, where it is slated to arrive in July 2016.</font> </p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM6bt08OdrCOar1tbitAJHZFdRQkbTKcT4yvCXNHTZKYmqV_gThv5-yjkBuY79KhG_E9uQHN4ySMqnES9ESJiNRaz5jNzem9-y5gFB89q2OLUiYJIXNpoS7NORlG7GdhFh3pNdlqYvQ0sU/s1600-h/Junos%252520position12-12-12%25255B4%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Junos position12-12-12" border="0" alt="Junos position12-12-12" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG5iaz9mJ4xGauRQNAHfGDKEq4bNGZK2DTh7XdsgAAXNEb8dicUb6zteyqWEc0F9uh0TYp9ncvKNhSPkjw-JrhVyq8a3E_D5X16USOP8zL3H8VxJOo7vmcGKKtW8gYx6OOXyGfhyphenhyphenAiYZ9N/?imgmax=800" width="513" height="327"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Juno's Current Position 12/12/12</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#54ab9e" size="3">As of Dec. 10, Juno was approximately 216 million miles (347 million kilometers) from Earth, with a one-way radio signal travel time of approximately 19 minutes. The spacecraft has now traveled 561 million miles (903 million kilometers, or 6.03 AU) since launch. Juno is currently traveling at a velocity of 10 miles (16 kilometers) per second relative to the sun. Velocity relative to Earth is 23 miles (37 kilometers) per second. The Juno spacecraft is in excellent health and is operating nominally. Four instruments -- JEDI, MWR, Waves, and MAG -- are turned on.</font> </p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"><strong>Now for a little past history about the first mission to Jupiter Galileo:</strong></font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#54ab9e" size="3"><strong>At Kennedy Space Center, Oct. 18, 1989:</strong> </font><font color="#54ab9e" size="3">A roar shakes the ground as Space Shuttle Atlantis climbs into the sky. The Galileo spacecraft rides in the payload bay, ready to begin a long journey into the realm of the outer planets. Its mission is to study Jupiter and its moons in more detail than any previous spacecraft.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#54ab9e" size="3"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-3U5IZ9XcxZQ/UMlFLOePzFI/AAAAAAAAD48/EOnO6s_1hEM/s1600-h/Galileo%25255B7%25255D.gif"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Galileo" border="0" alt="Galileo" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-lylRmBz9nTw/UMlFL4W5-zI/AAAAAAAAD5E/rltAAvE8vsE/Galileo_thumb%25255B5%25255D.gif?imgmax=800" width="222" height="229"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Galileo</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#54ab9e" size="3">The spacecraft is named in honor of the first modern astronomer --- Galileo Galilei. He made the first observations of the heavens using a telescope in 1610. What compels us to explore Jupiter? The giant colorful planet holds clues to help us understand how the Sun and planets formed more than 4.5 billion years ago. One of Jupiter's moons has active volcanoes and others have strange icy terrain. How does these strange worlds compare with Earth?</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#54ab9e" size="3"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-VHAEDtlcKp4/UMlFM-FtdJI/AAAAAAAAD5M/GW3F2WCzczg/s1600-h/galileo%252520spacecraft%252520arrival%252520at%252520Jupiter%25255B3%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="galileo spacecraft arrival at Jupiter" border="0" alt="galileo spacecraft arrival at Jupiter" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-CGOGlKSQKs4/UMlFN7bbNqI/AAAAAAAAD5U/OV6TP1lVa7o/galileo%252520spacecraft%252520arrival%252520at%252520Jupiter_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="504" height="383"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Galileo Spacecraft Arriving at Jupiter</font></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#54ab9e" size="3"><strong>Galileo arrived at Jupiter in December 1995.</strong> As fascinating data poured in from the orbiting spacecraft and its atmospheric probe, we knew it was just the beginning. Galileo changed the way we look at our solar system. The spacecraft was the first to fly past an asteroid and the first to discover a moon of an asteroid. It provided the only direct observations of a comet colliding with a planet.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#54ab9e" size="3"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-0rcDKIFs5pI/UMlFO9Za1EI/AAAAAAAAD5c/KYu6vKZxnqY/s1600-h/Galileo%252520Ganymede%25255B5%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Galileo Ganymede" border="0" alt="Galileo Ganymede" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-UP3pvomY120/UMlFPYtpMaI/AAAAAAAAD5k/I0221xzA6Qw/Galileo%252520Ganymede_thumb%25255B3%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="332" height="339"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Galileo Ganymede</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"><font color="#54ab9e">Galileo was the first to measure Jupiter's atmosphere with a descent probe and the first to conduct long-term observations of the Jovian system from orbit. It found evidence of subsurface saltwater on Europa, Ganymede and Callisto and revealed the intensity of volcanic activity on Io.</font></font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx8MtjyodzuPvHRgjzBuKWCcsYT-y6-rjvAhM_T3OcfiEACGMqgnknrI6WiWsKsVxaz_80AS-uTFwr1kkaiaL3S81PU-SVRf9_xXlKzc7wB6m88o5JrbJ5bAikzOZzVQMCnEIuuTc0252p/s1600-h/Galileo%252520Callisto%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Galileo Callisto" border="0" alt="Galileo Callisto" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-ZC-xzqmhN5Y/UMlFRJIsi5I/AAAAAAAAD50/vx_Gukci6CI/Galileo%252520Callisto_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="495" height="504"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Galileo Callisto</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#54ab9e" size="3">The history of Jupiter exploration began with the invention of the telescope in the early seventeenth century. The first telescopes were not very powerful, and the views were not very sharp. But over the next three hundred years, the telescope was continually improved, and became our primary tool for observing the stars and planets.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#54ab9e" size="3"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-cYy7vwFSj5AE6gPXmLTV7ms0iCEoKXUc10QXxpjxjv0qTNMJTg84_x-o_H_0chGv6h4oB3_wCG0JXT3OJZG8R96XP9pYfswmLv6ScNiruD8RZq8bDReqh6N9pxwy4qjIdsibTnzJo7hS/s1600-h/Galileo%252520Io%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Galileo Io" border="0" alt="Galileo Io" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF6eS73yAgNvAs_d9ty_LmpvRgt1JpH5hkOZD-XmhHowmepqxx7SD-qkdd0E2xRzyZoBpuclf7ZNCcmtGD9hUFZgDQ1TawcwWDd3tFiO8qFdX4a7c-1oIT-yaH7MIObUvwLt5QwAAByE0E/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="504"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000" size="2"> Galileo Io</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#54ab9e" size="3">Human explorers have taken dangerous journeys to the far corners of Earth and even to the Moon. But to explore the outer reaches of the solar system, we send spacecraft equipped with cameras and scientific instruments. In a way, we send extensions of ourselves on these missions.</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC9mW-mAIQuvkykMaD6YvESOWPkTxksbJNsMc102eltmqX3z39qCkVeaQZELcXKy2if1ixUlP3f14KK-5gtHTVOE2hujISNQpkbhvy1Q9q_2NFAnuZ32weihzf980N-bEAF9TbznH2hlLF/s1600-h/Galileo%252520moons%252520%252520Thebe%25252C%252520Amalthea%252520and%252520Metis%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Galileo moons Thebe, Amalthea and Metis" border="0" alt="Galileo moons Thebe, Amalthea and Metis" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-zg-3b1L-zAc/UMlFUvFSySI/AAAAAAAAD6U/Mjqd_p66IGI/Galileo%252520moons%252520%252520Thebe%25252C%252520Amalthea%252520and%252520Metis_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="504" height="259"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Galileo moons Thebe, Amalthea and Metis</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#54ab9e" size="3">The cameras becomes our "eyes" to view the other planets up close. Special instruments "see" in infrared, ultraviolet, and other wavelengths of light --- revealing what is invisible to our eyes. Today, we have very large and powerful telescopes. The Hubble Space Telescope, orbiting above Earth's atmosphere, can see far into space. Yet, the planets of our Solar System still hold many mysteries to investigate. NASA's first planetary missions were "fly-bys." The spacecraft simply zoomed by a planet taking pictures or gathering data, and then continued on --- out into deep space.</font></p> <p align="center"> </p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="3">Great Red Spot Collage:</font></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="3"></font> </p> <p align="center"><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-y2Bh6_9edQs/UMlFW5o2MXI/AAAAAAAAD6c/iIfZn9Zam1w/s1600-h/Jupiter%252520collage%25255B11%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Jupiter collage" border="0" alt="Jupiter collage" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-s1eHj09yvvE/UMlFXit2IwI/AAAAAAAAD6k/cqiRjaQiZYI/Jupiter%252520collage_thumb%25255B8%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="480" height="675"></a></p> <p align="center"> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#54ab9e" size="3">But orbiting a planet gives us a chance to learn a great deal more about it. The Viking orbiters at Mars and the Magellan orbiter at Venus studied planets in the inner solar system. Galileo was the first spacecraft to orbit Jupiter in the outer solar system.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#54ab9e" size="3"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj51tIT2fmZrWLJXFaTiKy2SfqpxzipWuoDJv6FqVxFHfOuC0H-SihzzZVJ8pSbzrs3SSHtwdr2kgC9XJgqD6PMWsiKeHu6cOQIe0FTetL770VBJgx9gFbMmVIt-j4EPezhH6tJC9g6x0E0/s1600-h/Galileo%252520eurropa%252520surface%252520features%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Galileo eurropa surface features" border="0" alt="Galileo eurropa surface features" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBc3AvaaS8yk-6cN4tSDkPI2-FSvzws92CYkySC9m0ozbJgaRLenfF3w7ysuZtq3crO1vwfWyfQotCrGKxqaeOO_WLuVObu1DTHo3y9UbE9qE9yX_-FehChq0MR8ZfQ8Ji3Ondd1cpr57O/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="342"></a></p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#54ab9e" size="3"><strong>Galileo plunged into Jupiter's crushing atmosphere on Sept. 21, 2003.</strong> The spacecraft was purposely put on a collision course with Jupiter because the onboard propellant was nearly depleted and to eliminate any chance of an unwanted impact between the spacecraft and Jupiter's moon Europa, which Galileo discovered and is likely to have a subsurface ocean. The Galileo spacecraft's 14-year odyssey came to an end on Sunday, Sept. 21, when the spacecraft passed into Jupiter's shadow then disintegrated in the planet's dense atmosphere at 11:57 a.m. (PDT). The Deep Space Network tracking station in Goldstone, Calif., received the last signal at 12:43:14 (PDT). The delay is due to the time it takes the signal to travel to Earth.</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBN2nOJTLIcPpPB_gCZcSGJB0Rby6yBs9nwqC7P2h5b3nldi8Ue5y_qZCcG4vefufsc3zrFulidMWZkWUZxxToH5bYQud3bHZk9Z148velZFKdXAQcviozwls0QfYtWeFfh7CZ3PSoXH2I/s1600-h/Galileo_End%252520burning%252520up%252520in%252520Jupiter%252527s%252520atmos.%25255B3%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Galileo_End burning up in Jupiter's atmos." border="0" alt="Galileo_End burning up in Jupiter's atmos." src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6ofCoU2k6ATzX3kGRAiH4kia9QQW7myk-VIzQ3GYBhOqK5OVf3X1ywr6I-Ro3eGNqyHOawbV6uCsR3jehxg0UhGPZnHJNvG0LilcwzooaOPEPvlStJgINFEMmgTkN1siASjCZp6FEQmS6/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="342"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Galileo is directed to crash into Jupiter and burns up in the atmosphere.</font></p> Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02936137584792569604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4510969279456804745.post-2713579951188673252012-10-17T21:41:00.001-07:002012-10-17T21:41:31.644-07:00Juno Mission Update 10/17/12<p> </p> <p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxGUN1SmarOVvzzPESKmbW8Xgs2WCy98dIOvNiqVPOs5j6X21LlTzeJ42rMrhVRHavndTSJws_P2PfsJkS86GnMer4VCXibxxD0NA3PIXIoaxK5jiR2MCeAovyOoBFlBAaf1pK69DwYJcL/s1600-h/Juno%252520fires%252520its%252520main%252520engine%25255B4%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno fires its main engine" border="0" alt="Juno fires its main engine" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-TexuyMvhDZY/UH-IV7w3WhI/AAAAAAAADeA/HuSmYi6ePfM/Juno%252520fires%252520its%252520main%252520engine_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="509" height="425"></a></p> <p> </p> <p align="justify"><br><font color="#cfb849" size="4">Mission Elapsed Time: 439 Days (1.20 yrs.) </font><font color="#cfb849" size="4">11 Hours 25 Minutes</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#cfb849" size="4">Time of Arrival: 1355 Days ( 3.71 yrs.) 22 Hours 35 Minutes</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#cfb849" size="4"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">Juno is approximately 282 million miles (452 million kilometers) from Earth, with a one-way radio signal travel time of approximately 25 minutes. The spacecraft has now traveled 512 million miles (824 million kilometers) since launch, which is nearly 27 percent of its total cruise distance to Jupiter. Juno is currently traveling at a velocity of 33,600 miles (54,000 kilometers) per hour relative to the sun. Velocity relative to Earth is 94,900 miles (152,600 kilometers) per hour.</font> </p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6sL9QjWx2pv6GfieQwsaGsP-bUHtzmM_lW0oJefIouvbTJ8ah7MA84jBIw7EnaYcxa4Z1nGYm3eS_x0S4clPUHd-siLE-_EbqWtLf32A5TsqWQ8gW1-NIzpjjc4y0Ux6JbfNpiA4psPFI/s1600-h/Juno%25252010-17-12%25255B7%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno 10-17-12" border="0" alt="Juno 10-17-12" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrcbM9_BMtowl9oaODBH2WayrAnORN_bYV_xmayeHA6_11z2UZ7afpSrwupk4JzaL4WrAVOckoh-P9-BYY4GQ9sFydtLQ7IA2MZEghCflrmBrUQH06xfFc55HjzWN1GMX6qsw2PgAdThw9/?imgmax=800" width="514" height="314"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Juno’s Current Position and Course</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">The Juno spacecraft is in excellent health and is operating nominally. Four instruments -- JEDI, MWR, Waves, and the magnetometer experiment -- are turned on. Juno’s mission operations team is currently focused on periodic maintenance activities for the science instruments, turning on each one for a few days at a time to monitor its health and performance. Juno is currently headed back toward the inner solar system for a planned Earth flyby gravity assist maneuver on Oct. 9, 2013. The spacecraft completed a trajectory control maneuver (TCM-5) using its reaction control thrusters on Oct. 3, for the fifth time further refining its path toward Earth. Juno was not designed to study the Jovian moons, but may take a few distant images. More detailed info in the future on this subject.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9hR4a4cZfKrWksvUrVzr1v1dfnVrG9yUVpxyozNG1zlpn1d7klHhcKZbYosuaaBdRcJw9ARgobMtX2IphQssU31yN_97N9L-jMcf_PkavAetA7loD71ixC8FaULJVug6n1_G71RmQuQ-5/s1600-h/Jupiter%252527s%252520trojan%252520asteroids%25255B6%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Jupiter's trojan asteroids" border="0" alt="Jupiter's trojan asteroids" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-HMQFA8I8ma8/UH-IbJbwDfI/AAAAAAAADeg/FTQVpUeov2U/Jupiter%252527s%252520trojan%252520asteroids_thumb%25255B4%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="510" height="294"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000"></font><font color="#ff0000" size="2">New results from NASA's Wide-field Infrared Explorer, or WISE, reveal that the Jovian Trojans -- asteroids that lap the sun in the same orbit as Jupiter -- are uniformly dark with a hint of burgundy color, and have matte surfaces that reflect little sunlight. The color could indicate heavy concentration of the element Iron.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">Scientists using data from NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE, have uncovered new clues in the ongoing mystery of the Jovian Trojans -- asteroids that orbit the sun on the same path as Jupiter. Like racehorses, the asteroids travel in packs, with one group leading the way in front of the gas giant, and a second group trailing behind. The observations are the first to get a detailed look at the Trojans' colors: both the leading and trailing packs are made up of predominantly dark, reddish rocks with a matte, non-reflecting surface. What's more, the data verify the previous suspicion that the leading pack of Trojans outnumbers the trailing bunch. <br>The new results offer clues in the puzzle of the asteroids' origins. Where did the Trojans come from? What are they made of? WISE has shown that the two packs of rocks are strikingly similar and do not harbor any "out-of-towners," or interlopers, from other parts of the solar system. The Trojans do not resemble the asteroids from the main belt between Mars and Jupiter, nor the Kuiper belt family of objects from the icier, outer regions near Pluto. <br>"Jupiter and Saturn are in calm, stable orbits today, but in their past, they rumbled around and disrupted any asteroids that were in orbit with these planets," said Tommy Grav, a WISE scientist from the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Ariz. "Later, Jupiter re-captured the Trojan asteroids, but we don't know where they came from. Our results suggest they may have been captured locally. If so, that's exciting because it means these asteroids could be made of primordial material from this particular part of the solar system, something we don't know much about." Grav is a member of the NEOWISE team, the asteroid-hunting portion of the WISE mission.</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzoI5kneAp-khTjdN4LAOn1SAuRWsWolCqPRLKQYvtaq-j_pRzt1rgcL4h9fHBlNokoP9gk0w6xgpiC4Mn742UVB7TA4yiu1tgfmLHdwXPdp5FQpeY6LteoLLZ7C5IK1hfW9EF77LuC6Um/s1600-h/JUno%252520german%252520astronomer%252520Max%252520Wolf%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="JUno german astronomer Max Wolf" border="0" alt="JUno german astronomer Max Wolf" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcfVJSHqZX4A7m4xBR_DdPPPjNEBc7zRjN3DMpj99XB0pNW4d-qYGpr0ESMiYXekjKEtlB4KXWcwMbt1RTx87yuliecYZwxq4O9hRU3gEK7MV9FPF9Fy2oabju4fJOyR8GTI4rDklL6awg/?imgmax=800" width="204" height="319"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Astronomer Max Wolf</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">The first Trojan was discovered on Feb. 22, 1906, by German astronomer Max Wolf, who found the celestial object leading ahead of Jupiter. Christened "Achilles" by the astronomer, the roughly 81-mile-wide (130-kilometer-wide) chunk of space rock was the first of many asteroids detected to be traveling in front of the gas giant. Later, asteroids were also found trailing behind Jupiter. The asteroids were collectively named Trojans after a legend, in which Greek soldiers hid inside in a giant horse statue to launch a surprise attack on the Trojan people of the city of Troy.</font> </p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj90fuMSmXTWbiJ2r6fBAz9XtpT5RCQQOOWsRAScdT_u42xb9TrLcOjj2HTS8owtH9-_Xz4Pgwt_VhcEL9xUc_GwweCVoCu7OQ6GTVTid-orPEvJGG6UEKgrdhIE8L9jlifX9rJbQZ1zCnU/s1600-h/JUno-Wise%252520spacecraft%25255B5%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="JUno-Wise spacecraft" border="0" alt="JUno-Wise spacecraft" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-RnSFfkN3d5I/UH-IefscsFI/AAAAAAAADfA/vS8LCZ2_Se4/JUno-Wise%252520spacecraft_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="376" height="557"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000" size="2"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE, spacecraft is situated on a work stand. At left on the spacecraft is the fixed panel solar array. In front, the square is the HGA Slotted Array (Ku-Band).</font></p> Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02936137584792569604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4510969279456804745.post-43413314169876341152012-09-21T20:11:00.001-07:002012-09-21T20:12:11.672-07:00Juno Mission Update 9/21/12<p> </p> <p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEime7QMhdJuMJPxVP_FVfpko7KNmxlDVp07HtFFG1dajRCm51IFdLHRUF3VfcQpwa4TObIkAewA-KiNvGfa23Ko1evVRh45RuLCMzcoq5sQt9NSXNuZEDDcKp0DkZuNC3x4HTh_Q4UC0VyE/s1600-h/Juno-firing-main-rockets4.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno firing main rockets" border="0" alt="Juno firing main rockets" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4MpRPGNlI23Ynpn6XuJ4RI8jWfjJf5Gg7aAHMSBvT-xz-FvXUVyUtJWhtSnKnuss2rZQbzrfp3vHAiJOR5AaF8SiR0y00PY4fnqy1aJI4VjTRE7qCNpF5PiWYWNXeN0XFfnvtPgaFfbFm/?imgmax=800" width="509" height="436"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#69b7f5" size="4"><strong>Elapsed Mission Time: 413 Days (1.23 yrs.) 04 Hours 57 Minutes</strong></font></p> <p align="center"><font color="#69b7f5" size="4"><strong>Time of Arrival: 1387 Days (3.8 yrs.) 08 Hours 02 Minutes</strong></font></p> <p align="center"><strong><font color="#54ab9e" size="4"></font></strong> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">As of Sept. 19, Juno was approximately 294 million miles (473 million kilometers) from Earth, with a one-way radio signal travel time of approximately 26.4 minutes. The spacecraft has now traveled 495 million miles (797 million kilometers) since launch. Juno is currently traveling at a velocity of 33,200 miles (53,400 kilometers) per hour relative to the sun. Velocity relative to Earth is 97,000 miles (156,100 kilometers) per hour. The spacecraft is in excellent health and is operating nominally. Three instruments -- MWR, Waves, and the magnetometer experiment -- are turned on and collecting data.</font> </p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU6Bp3R5-8PUpAXpusUGZftOzKGk88KnoV-J_I5_fSxANlYDzkA-utbGrApAQxwDq562XUSCTakLBeDawpHx1fHsxd157Oze6O4WCRIigVZ8HWKuYko_S8lOm5gfet9nZVs8chlJXqt8wb/s1600-h/Juno%252520fires%252520its%252520main%252520engine%25255B6%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno fires its main engine" border="0" alt="Juno fires its main engine" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj29gywUhSKiPQqeuI8p3SXcH3owlzuSb0w2KDaLqrwgcyKqHT_KlGGaoDg79Jm7ymf_WcPhkG7ASXKv1Yfmi5Tf5Qvprpxu7vrkpKivheL4PGujfzD-oVQOZCl9rKHEjdMqzhictxVhPn/?imgmax=800" width="511" height="472"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Juno Firing It’s Main Engine</font></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">Juno’s second deep space maneuver (or DSM) was performed on Sept. 14; the first maneuver was successfully completed on Aug. 30. Following these two large main engine burns, the spacecraft was put back into cruise configuration and is now headed back toward the inner solar system for a planned Earth flyby gravity assist maneuver which will occur on Oct. 9, 2013. The two deep space engine burns were back-to-back successes !</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFmjLyMIN8gDab9tjSADn1QjLtQcxILjVIS5uVBS9CwBj2BTxw7bAxsPRObiIdAw7m27tXj66JiZa4MZz6g1A0Df8yyS1KCD7d-anffBqoJjgSYkhhA_tQ1xBU5Rpdmu9Aw0E_WHEvoJja/s1600-h/Juno%2525209-21%25255B5%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno 9-21" border="0" alt="Juno 9-21" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn6lCGeswcdo8Kyxv1RrbmFsWzGE67MundFQRBaTnuoWbX2BcUtFKQZ0IGHkdFlos75qqak72xNM2_qlBmfCfmf3Qu7aO6U2fJPCNT1ZBkftytPitRVKTUYHFHHQObYhoAwbK2ZIeVFfkr/?imgmax=800" width="514" height="347"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Juno's Current Course and Position</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">NASA could have spent fuel for thrusters or use power for reaction wheels w/ moving parts. But Juno being a "simple spinner" spacecraft has its advantages. Spinning makes the spacecraft stable, like a gyroscope. Simpler than using reaction wheels, and no moving parts to wear out.</font></p> Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02936137584792569604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4510969279456804745.post-24878200332797584222012-08-31T20:54:00.001-07:002012-08-31T20:54:06.937-07:00Juno Mission Update 8/31/12<p> </p> <p><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-EbXh87rbVbU/UEGGx1Y3aII/AAAAAAAADRA/JGPslFIU1fA/s1600-h/Juno%252520artist%252520concept%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno artist concept" border="0" alt="Juno artist concept" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4Z2uok00UurSd3YDv8L2d7RQMFpeAU8UdCx6cA6wz1XIYKK2yfvTgxlrIhpIWSOEbzzU0qIFtoo3N6FAhZg7YXf05BUFLdcmWlkc5AWiiVbKpZxPKeQwSvmzqQGo1FJ-oOnByUs2IlaUY/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="421"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#00ffff" size="4"></font> </p> <p align="center"><font color="#00ffff" size="4"><strong>Mission Elapsed Time:<br><font size="3">392 days (1.07 yrs.) 04 Hours 47 Minutes</font></strong></font></p> <p><font color="#00ffff" size="4"></font> </p> <p align="center"><font color="#00ffff" size="4"><strong>Time of Arrival:<br><font size="3">1463 Days (4.01 yrs.) 05 Hours 14 Minutes</font></strong></font></p> <p align="center"><strong><font color="#00ffff" size="3"></font></strong> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#80ff80" size="3">As of Aug. 29, Juno was approximately 302 million miles (486 million kilometers) from Earth, with a one-way radio signal travel time of approximately 27.1 minutes. The spacecraft has now traveled 478 million miles (769 million kilometers) since launch, or approximately 25 percent of the 20.49 AU distance that the spacecraft covers between launch and arrival at Jupiter.</font> </p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"> <div style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: none; padding-top: 0px" id="scid:5737277B-5D6D-4f48-ABFC-DD9C333F4C5D:f4ac924b-57a9-4afa-a208-0a1edf2becbd" class="wlWriterEditableSmartContent"><div id="e9bd26e4-21c2-4e1f-ba68-5965e248426f" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><div><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QA3UiDbCPGE&feature=youtube_gdata_player" target="_new"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8zYgt8bSEgxY3TRM1NSXiPcW7kEp7jIWgv3e4sN-cII_WWjE0aUE43TiZhBG8XQ2_-Jm7j2rK7DL4uQesrsmgG1rAIUNHev5GSK-LvQLS8WZPwcm_3CAKUWdwjUAA1HxOL0bQ8hNcy3jf/?imgmax=800" style="border-style: none" galleryimg="no" onload="var downlevelDiv = document.getElementById('e9bd26e4-21c2-4e1f-ba68-5965e248426f'); downlevelDiv.innerHTML = "<div><object width=\"448\" height=\"252\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/QA3UiDbCPGE?hl=en&hd=1\"><\/param><embed src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/QA3UiDbCPGE?hl=en&hd=1\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"448\" height=\"252\"><\/embed><\/object><\/div>";" alt=""></a></div></div></div></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Juno Communications</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#80ff80" size="3">Juno is currently traveling at a velocity of 34,000 miles (54,700 kilometers) per hour relative to the sun. Velocity relative to Earth is 99,200 miles (159,600 kilometers) per hour. The spacecraft is in excellent health and is operating nominally. All instruments except the Advanced Stellar Compass (part of the magnetometer experiment) are turned off, as planned, in preparation for the deep space maneuvers.</font> </p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1g6ynpsShdLCYeKXU4LVZ7bMD8C2AJPBw3AT0pnwN9F8GiA6yMTovRCjGXCN8gfnbsxQyrc7J70KCErM4AsPr7AwSU6lkx-7ZnZAoanrROjVUZpYDScP9yfFeR_X3GjQBGQM1rXbwpGVL/s1600-h/Juno%252520position%252520and%252520course%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno position and course" border="0" alt="Juno position and course" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-UbfEoEvTZ1Y/UEGG0Gmi6KI/AAAAAAAADRg/FnsXn_jLh8I/Juno%252520position%252520and%252520course_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="504" height="316"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">View of Juno’s position on Aug. 30 from Eyes on the Solar System.</font></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff8040" size="4">Jupiter-Bound Juno Changes its Orbit</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#80ff80" size="3">Earlier today, navigators and mission controllers for NASA's Juno mission to Jupiter watched their computer screens as their spacecraft successfully performed its first deep-space maneuver. This first firing of Juno's main engine is one of two planned to refine the spacecraft's trajectory, setting the stage for a gravity assist from a flyby of Earth on Oct 9, 2013. Juno will arrive at Jupiter on July 4, 2016. <br>The deep-space maneuver began at 6:57 p.m. EDT (3:57 p.m. PDT) today, when the Leros-1b main engine was fired for 29 minutes 39 seconds. Based on telemetry, the Juno project team believes the burn was accurate, changing the spacecraft's velocity by about 770 mph (344 meters a second) while consuming about 829 pounds (376 kilograms) of fuel.</font> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihyphenhyphenHWScVB8GYdM4Egs1NIVQ0qQX5Ak1ellac8euCreQh7n8fBKOMUwazv_iB7fNBSGgSPvOMtNJRe8PBMo62wnvHFI5DWke4apGFtAmLcuVTwHpq4kHWGUmIAq1oeiIamm3U_SZAMTJ7eb/s1600-h/Juno%252520firing%252520rockets%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno firing rockets" border="0" alt="Juno firing rockets" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBEoZf-v1Cs1gmV7G5rv1qcWpqTN830QPu32i3-zNYoe46po6Ct56045ZqtlH9eHnAk5fFDXS-Z8e_N51bpNYqBp0q-tbAJovJ2VMMXLkPF0SRNCisGr_Dclz3LzXY2h2MJnict10y3CDH/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="379"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Artist’s concept depicts NASA’s Juno spacecraft during a burn of its main engine.</font></p> <p align="justify"><br><font color="#80ff80" size="3">"This first and successful main engine burn is the payoff for a lot of hard work and planning by the operations team," said Juno Project Manager Rick Nybakken of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "We started detailed preparations for this maneuver earlier this year, and over the last five months we've been characterizing and configuring the spacecraft, primarily in the propulsion and thermal systems. Over the last two weeks, we have carried out planned events almost every day, including heating tanks, configuring subsystems, uplinking new sequences, turning off the instruments and increasing the spacecraft's spin rate. There is a lot that goes into a main engine .<br>The burn occurred when Juno was more than 300 million miles (483 million kilometers) away from Earth. A second deep space maneuver, of comparable duration and velocity change, is planned for Sept. 4. Together, they will place Juno on course for its Earth flyby, which will occur as the spacecraft is completing one elliptical orbit around the sun. The Earth flyby will boost Juno's velocity by 16,330 mph (about 7.3 kilometers per second), placing the spacecraft on its final flight path for Jupiter. The closest approach to Earth, on Oct. 9, 2013, will occur when Juno is at an altitude of about 310 miles (500 kilometers).</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwpsVCNP-viAjP2FwPJ5lxkvVixmaxu0X3GqlAii_m-pIg4InkLd9mftwYkzUb1CuOU602-e8Jx6CJNQaLCBUKFRnQE8HmH87pA-l7xPhKzxN3jAKW7vfeWpvfm5EEoDPcAO2NQwusM0g0/s1600-h/simulation%252520of%252520Junos%252520deep%252520space%252520maneuver%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="simulation of Junos deep space maneuver" border="0" alt="simulation of Junos deep space maneuver" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiidN382nY7qvZedrxnGJw7zEZBXZBbWIsxeNkLZiP4IPGyYZ3x_HoXdiJVFCnwXxOZqPfk0_jlTqhuxpq0uhZwDImLXetXVj7MBv3Z6XQOXz-Mu8vZmMNbvzr1JRaswW8_m0IyLc5kvQok/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="316"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Simulated view of Juno during its first deep space maneuver</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#80ff80" size="3">One of Juno’s deep space maneuvers (or DSMs), took place on Aug. 30 and the next maneuver on Sept. 4. During these maneuvers the spacecraft will fire its main engine for 30 minutes. The maneuvers refine the spacecraft’s trajectory and set up the Earth flyby gravity assist maneuver in Oct. of next year. Nominal start time (spacecraft event time) for the burns is 22:30 UTC (3:30pm US Pacific time) on both dates; Earth received time for the signals from the spacecraft is 27 minutes later.</font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#80ff80" size="3">After the Earth flyby it will be another 1.4 billion miles and four years to go to get to Jupiter. Scott Bolton, Juno's principal investigator from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio stated, "The team will be busy during that whole time, collecting science data on the way out to Jupiter and getting ready for our prime mission at Jupiter, which is focused on learning the history of how our solar system was formed. We need to go to Jupiter to learn this history because Jupiter is the largest of the planets, and it was formed by grabbing most of the material left over from the sun's formation." Probably much of what was to go Mars was gobbled up by Jupiter- hence Mar's size. Earth and the other planets are really made from the leftovers of the leftovers, planetesimals and asteroids from the early Solar System. The asteroid belt would have been more heavily populated than now. So if we want to learn about the history of the elements that made Earth and life, we need to understand what happened when was Jupiter formed .</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#80ff80" size="3"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOSm9ygsdqKuLVh7Msx05yEEopoMAAyrEp1SiYz0Q1MU5Nz09XKt788mciqbCdjwacw7rzbqDe1LMYmX9UbI9cYf3RbSYYiNDoC7B9Gu1dL-nzSl5XodyxviwOJeIYx5zIFgvX7XmSsVmH/s1600-h/asteroid%252520belt%252520early%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="asteroid belt early" border="0" alt="asteroid belt early" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-rLEk31MoxDM/UEGG3eYE28I/AAAAAAAADSQ/UFm8qGHwBiE/asteroid%252520belt%252520early_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="504" height="379"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">The Early Asteroid Belt</font></p> Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02936137584792569604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4510969279456804745.post-1239724472333207442012-08-08T18:53:00.001-07:002012-08-08T18:55:37.471-07:00Juno Mission Update 8/8/12<p> </p> <p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4dy8kdQRbR9o1AoOYcOOslHNCRNGwD1a89FRRSQUXwev6IP0Ey6AqKsPBITbI10gHd1qek80zB_yCgQ6GIdJgQCrPw4i3UmSuZ1FSD7ruTVve_XJ9I92Fp-WJ809SZLr0WUdI7ABD9kUS/s1600-h/JUno-spacecraft-22.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="JUno spacecraft 2" border="0" alt="JUno spacecraft 2" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeNU_4DTz6Ddp1tYcYRoaV-W_RPt9tCA7b1Votd6k_WG9R9RLxDOxCQy8fk3NBPPmbfMIECk2d9zzeDvHA-dfHxCGmJ2vrJx3lVQ3MbYMyzbQS-K8F7ooMkNy7t6TKj8KEvkECOYr7oEoQ/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="421"></a></p> <p> </p> <p><font color="#ffc000" size="4"><strong>Mission Elapsed Time:</strong></font></p> <p><font color="#ffc000" size="3">369 (1.01 yrs.) Days 08 Hours 50 Minutes</font></p> <p><font color="#ffc000" size="3"></font></p> <p><font color="#ffc000" size="4"><strong>Time of Arrival:</strong></font></p> <p><strong><font color="#ffc000" size="3">1426 ( 3.91 yrs.) Days 01 Hours 02 Minutes</font></strong></p> <p><strong></strong> </p> <p><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">JPL issued a news note with that most dreaded of press release titles: "Mission Status Report," which some dread because it's usually a euphemism for "something bad has happened to one of our spacecraft." But this time it contains nothing but good news. It briefly notes that the Jupiter-bound Juno spacecraft has successfully completed some of the first of the twelve trajectory correction maneuvers it'll perform between the launch last year and Jupiter arrival in 2016. Its next maneuver will take place in August of this year (this month). NASA's Juno spacecraft is outbound from the Sun, heading way beyond Mars' orbit before heading sunward again ending in a Earth flyby in August 2013 that will send it on to a July 2016 Jupiter arrival.</font></p> <p><font color="#69b7f5" size="3"></font> </p> <p align="center"><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-IGjKfQjBYng/UCMX7tKFXpI/AAAAAAAADHo/IoYBr62fPP0/s1600-h/Juno%252520position%2525208-8-12%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno position 8-8-12" border="0" alt="Juno position 8-8-12" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVQszJ-mNY5zXI6LyjItV-_8zFIUkYXJQN1XCeUOFdEaQ_jPF_ehB1U2PTyNtEw6LUCdV4mhVlirHXGykfs3boCKGI6wo1e4ugx7fNxnZKotdVryOJSSPO1xYJDvYDwVxF0AbZOY8cxhLm/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="285"></a><font color="#ff0000" size="2"></font></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Juno’s Present Position and Course 8/8/12</font></p> <p align="left"><font color="#ed4d07" size="3"><strong>Juno's science objectives are to:</strong></font></p> <p align="justify"><br><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">1. Determine how much water is in Jupiter's atmosphere, to help identify which planet formation theory is correct .<br></font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">2. Look deep into Jupiter's atmosphere to measure composition, temperature, cloud motions and other properties<br></font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">3. Map Jupiter's magnetic and gravity fields, revealing the planet's deep structure<br></font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">4. Explore and study Jupiter's magnetosphere near the planet's poles, especially the auroras, providing new insights about how the planet's enormous magnetic force field affects its atmosphere.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3"></font> </p> <p><a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-JYZwYhFjrs4/UCMX834jGmI/AAAAAAAADH4/oi-fhpIhwtE/s1600-h/Juno%252520south%252520pole%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno south pole" border="0" alt="Juno south pole" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgntwmCRdv5ro6j01CrZrdlmHBO5cv2y3dApJpX7bwUI_zrRbGdS_H35nzEfa3OmX22TNng60RDnoUlNMmQbemhArchTw6GxmT2khUlJYsXwCaXeHFlkqOYBkBUQFktRao1N8aeXc07BSVi/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="379"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">A simulated view of Jupiter's South Pole illustrates Juno's unique perspective which will allow Juno's camera to image Jupiter's clouds from a vantage point never seen before.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#ed4d07" size="3"><strong>Juno's investigations focus on four themes:</strong></font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">1. Origin – Jupiter's solid core and abundance of heavy metals in the atmosphere make it an ideal model to understand the origin of giant planets. Juno will measure global abundances of oxygen and nitrogen by mapping the gravitational field and using microwave observations of water and ammonia.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">2. Interior – Juno will map Jupiter's gravitation and magnetic fields, revealing the interior structure, the origin of the magnetic field, the mass of its core, the nature of deep convection, and the abundance of water.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3"></font> </p> <div style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: none; padding-top: 0px" id="scid:5737277B-5D6D-4f48-ABFC-DD9C333F4C5D:02a4e7b7-2316-4412-838f-7a891140c7dd" class="wlWriterEditableSmartContent"><div id="503f5078-33f1-43b3-bf05-fdbb1c68f29b" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><div><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1Le_CRwiT8&feature=youtube_gdata_player" target="_new"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU6ZqiOurCufHvRvE8NUJxMk8Wk6e2c01qrlu1NlZujDGOhDNTSCe0biaFD6-xidfjFkIbNE8Y0Ag3lmuaIFKMGx0QCslmgjw7FIrGEtB_yZOgdJWC0TEdzC142L4zywHgZwguGYjPX3WS/?imgmax=800" style="border-style: none" galleryimg="no" onload="var downlevelDiv = document.getElementById('503f5078-33f1-43b3-bf05-fdbb1c68f29b'); downlevelDiv.innerHTML = "<div><object width=\"448\" height=\"252\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/_1Le_CRwiT8?hl=en&hd=1\"><\/param><embed src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/_1Le_CRwiT8?hl=en&hd=1\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"448\" height=\"252\"><\/embed><\/object><\/div>";" alt=""></a></div></div><div style="width:448px;clear:both;font-size:.8em">The Interior of Jupiter</div></div> <p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000" size="2"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">3.<strong> Atmosphere</strong> – Jupiter has the most massive atmosphere of all the planets. By mapping variations in atmospheric composition, temperature, cloud opacity and dynamics to depths greater than 100 bars at all latitudes, Juno will determine the global structure and dynamics of Jupiter’s atmosphere below the cloud tops for the first time.<br></font></p> <p align="left"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">4. Magnetosphere–Jupiter’s powerful magnetospheric dynamics create the brightest aurora in our solar system. Juno will measure the distribution of the charged particles, their associated fields, and the concurrent UV emissions of the planet’s polar magnetosphere, greatly improving our understanding of this remarkable phenomena.</font></p> <p align="left"> </p> <p align="left"><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-ltN9MK1hBBw/UCMX-nZ_ByI/AAAAAAAADIQ/CpoYDpplTOY/s1600-h/Juno%252520Jupiter%252520aurora%25255B4%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno Jupiter aurora" border="0" alt="Juno Jupiter aurora" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9IQbS-E31jBUyo2GerC85A8ZlIBYBG5xaZS3OUV5OCh0DGmE8Ql7TePRL99SADliKyp6Yaa_3BwHXRhqwGtj9J08Buz3pOCW7cio7RPOnXntDX66r8gK54QThdb8FLY7aeDubj4fEi0qf/?imgmax=800" width="491" height="624"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Auroras at Jupiter's North and South Poles</font></p> <p align="center"> <div style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: none; padding-top: 0px" id="scid:5737277B-5D6D-4f48-ABFC-DD9C333F4C5D:1ad21598-1f07-44b9-9e23-0190486a9605" class="wlWriterEditableSmartContent"><div id="65b30865-a229-4efe-8de9-9a49634f0a9d" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><div><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsuEjYLbpRw&feature=youtube_gdata_player" target="_new"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM6LQ5n1ozdI7U_sbCakM3lYoDtYq9A0s-p_FhCvHzxw9VLXqqrswjmCKQPhb6fLnAI13MzvsAqrRkwgHh80tEBj652FDj2G5p36JGKlNYPcb97q7UX0zxys3peR4gxMFajiZN10_ILLCQ/?imgmax=800" style="border-style: none" galleryimg="no" onload="var downlevelDiv = document.getElementById('65b30865-a229-4efe-8de9-9a49634f0a9d'); downlevelDiv.innerHTML = "<div><object width=\"448\" height=\"252\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/rsuEjYLbpRw?hl=en&hd=1\"><\/param><embed src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/rsuEjYLbpRw?hl=en&hd=1\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"448\" height=\"252\"><\/embed><\/object><\/div>";" alt=""></a></div></div><div style="width:448px;clear:both;font-size:.8em">Jupiter’s Auroras</div></div><font color="#ff0000" size="2"></font></p> Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02936137584792569604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4510969279456804745.post-67651890735295842982012-06-27T20:51:00.000-07:002012-06-27T21:02:32.003-07:00Juno 3 Mission Update 6/27/12<p> </p> <p><font color="#ff00ff" size="3">Mission Elapsed Time: 327 days (.90 yrs.) 10 hours 25 minutes</font></p> <p><font color="#ff00ff" size="3">Time of Arrival: 1467 days (4.01 yrs.) 23 hours 37 minutes</font></p> <p><font color="#69b7f5" size="3"></font> </p> <p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKVmlZdFk74XYJzVuS-o85UOVx5mhQ6R1qwlp-nivX0zdShX0ZgoBddPA2Y2nuUjl8C95Yu7OoEYz2MoJWJY9OAd4t7rkHoBOB00HH76VpY6wbxGyqro3Tt466vLWkw5PdtbEZf2-o9-oA/s1600-h/JunoAboveClouds%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="JunoAboveClouds" border="0" alt="JunoAboveClouds" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrrf9OcNOLJWpSRVpktsj_OwaMNL-cKphzwksuTzNmlGjZPZ1WavLOQQ4ERfopZHYkYDEp6eozeXrt6IgOwgrDfAdswZG9enlmJbEKMZZicbwv5jy4v3NG6JI3okWwvMh8KiSjaP_ArU2H/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="484"></a></p> <p> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">As of June 20, Juno was approximately 287 million miles (462 million kilometers) from Earth, with a one-way radio signal travel time of approximately 25.7 minutes. The spacecraft has traveled 419 million miles (674 million kilometers) since launch, which represents approximately 22 percent of the total distance Juno will cover between launch and arrival at Jupiter. That distance is 20.49 astronomical units (1.9 billion miles, or 3.1 billion kilometers), or nearly five times greater than the separation between the orbits of Earth and Jupiter.</font></p> <p align="justify"> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXhOE5mNTA9JC_oPWIxDpjSXtMcORoZ4s7JjXMVn7GnSgcrJ8TxqjGxhYbyCRKAvRywkfXTDKDCu9V5PEgUXp7IbXSBgjsOxzbvxvxQ4YxY3xMU3u-4DI86QSxaI_3k93BDYDnWzVwNAB9/s1600-h/Juno%252520on%2525206-27-12%25255B5%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno on 6-27-12" border="0" alt="Juno on 6-27-12" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2b5wb-Qapu1-WC5vPfbSi_TZjbZ3W3bT7NY5TjSjdczSdpCGexkCltF9wnOueAG1X1V2dojG7HQfGIsZqRK_m1fZ0Sag8U_2lH6KSHbMU6IG9yaqC1rFAZLx9WUhrNiGS2K6eRTB9PBG_/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="322"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Juno’s present Course and position as of this post</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3">Juno is currently traveling at a velocity of 36,100 miles (58,100 kilometers) per hour relative to the sun. Velocity relative to Earth is 99,100 miles (159,400 kilometers) per hour. The spacecraft is in excellent health and is operating nominally. Four instruments are turned on: the Magnetometer experiment (FGM & ASC), JEDI, MWR and Waves:</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#a7e29c" size="3"></font> </p> <p align="justify"></p> <div style="padding-bottom: 26px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: none; padding-top: 0px" id="scid:5737277B-5D6D-4f48-ABFC-DD9C333F4C5D:d681daa1-0c20-4071-a33b-071f7f4f4caf" class="wlWriterEditableSmartContent"><div id="b2c34903-2003-40d4-bc53-8254ec249157" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><div><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fhW1M4D9lEs" target="_new"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu8FfYJOT7fgWUPoagCVTBFJPUXXekeIVIE1NUDOnc_yzIhxfatAYNMYBj9L6YLj5FjUGfzqd2K8r1czR7tsXXKou_8LOQrjUA3TPr60Cjg8PPgGteSxKUDfwzVNWKBa6btQ05CTFF6osj/?imgmax=800" style="border-style: none" galleryimg="no" onload="var downlevelDiv = document.getElementById('b2c34903-2003-40d4-bc53-8254ec249157'); downlevelDiv.innerHTML = "<div><object width=\"486\" height=\"360\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/fhW1M4D9lEs?hl=en&hd=1\"><\/param><embed src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/fhW1M4D9lEs?hl=en&hd=1\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"486\" height=\"360\"><\/embed><\/object><\/div>";" alt=""></a></div></div><div style="width:486px;clear:both;font-size:.8em">Magnetometry 101</div></div><font color="#69b7f5" size="3"><font color="#ff8000">Most recent spacecraft significant events:</font></font> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">On June 20, flight controllers commanded the spacecraft to test opening and closing the external cover that protects its main engine, and to fill the propellant lines that supply the engine with liquid oxygen and hydrazine, in preparation for its upcoming deep space maneuvers, slated for Aug. 30 and Sept. 4.</font> </p> <p align="justify"><br> </p> <p><font size="3"><font color="#ff8000"><strong>Mission Timeline:</strong></font></font></p> <p><font size="3"><font color="#69b7f5">1. Launch - August 5, 2011 <br>2. Deep Space Maneuvers - August/September 2012 <br>3. Earth flyby gravity assist - October 2013 <br>4. Jupiter arrival - July 2016 <br>5. Spacecraft will orbit Jupiter for about one year (33 orbits) <br>6, End of mission (deorbit into Jupiter) - October 2017</font></font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">Juno will take an orbit that will give it an Earth gravity assist once it goes around the sun and heads back towards Jupiter. This is what is called the "sling-shot" effect and will save on the spacecraft's use of fuel:</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3"></font> </p> <div style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: none; padding-top: 0px" id="scid:5737277B-5D6D-4f48-ABFC-DD9C333F4C5D:7459df13-de4c-457c-8f40-c6c3248e8c04" class="wlWriterEditableSmartContent"><div id="7bbb7f97-3b19-400a-ae08-5297604bc3e8" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><div><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYp5p2oL51g" target="_new"><img src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-obEhywl7PiU/T-vXVlgrfOI/AAAAAAAADBU/irH5A74nuEM/video5adacd59ea59%25255B15%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" style="border-style: none" galleryimg="no" onload="var downlevelDiv = document.getElementById('7bbb7f97-3b19-400a-ae08-5297604bc3e8'); downlevelDiv.innerHTML = "<div><object width=\"490\" height=\"271\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/sYp5p2oL51g?hl=en&hd=1\"><\/param><embed src=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/sYp5p2oL51g?hl=en&hd=1\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"490\" height=\"271\"><\/embed><\/object><\/div>";" alt=""></a></div></div></div> Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02936137584792569604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4510969279456804745.post-36672224168169303322012-05-25T19:44:00.001-07:002012-05-25T19:44:33.634-07:00Juno Mission 2:<p><strong><font size="4"></font></strong> </p> <p><strong><font size="4">Juno Mission Update 5/25/12</font></strong></p> <p><strong><font size="4"></font></strong> </p> <p><strong><font size="3">Mission Elapsed Time: 294 days 09 hours 25 minutes</font></strong></p> <p><strong><font size="3"></font></strong> </p> <p><strong><font size="3">Time of Arrival: 1500 days 23 hours 11 minutes</font></strong></p> <p><strong><font size="3"></font></strong> </p> <p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx1LnyDrS44_UMazHBZPPnJh_RgulrdcvIVCFOv0fSAgU6kvLSOnAU54Obz40ebH8sMhTKxYJ9uIL9IIVVAyfySfmfH3DXhurKe4O-rh4byAFpU0HLPRsE-JL7KbpVAXJFiX5wRzOQd6_p/s1600-h/JunoAboveClouds2.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="JunoAboveClouds" border="0" alt="JunoAboveClouds" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTbGkt-a9xJwg8n3D0goFBrov2p0PVA_z6ZYOJohHsZ4x3HJcN_6_LcCI39_OPkDUuiLZXtovZHtCf88scbMzHNm0nobKo_Z5cOHvw5cDXyCEEukXLcKwvs_sBuGUkYCvu6ZTk4FgSWBdP/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="484"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3"></font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">Launched on Aug. 5, 2011, the solar-powered Juno spacecraft is 294 days and 380 million miles (612 million kilometers) into its five-year, 1,905-million-mile (3,065-million-kilometer) journey to Jupiter. Once there, the spacecraft will orbit the planet's poles 33 times and use its nine instruments to image and probe beneath the gas giant's obscuring cloud cover to learn more about Jupiter's origins, structure, atmosphere and magnetosphere, and look for a potential solid planetary core.</font> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcb8WtMVbWLiu_X9Di5EV6aDtlAD3ZWjc1U7co3SyspsYHbcc5Ks5wDSNyD4zh8q38kiVe_5l4s315Ko1flcbt6SRBWVhvyuvFo1oeICS1Z94s4b68Lw-t1Hhnh_Z8U-90Jx4cqtY10W3G/s1600-h/Junos-pictue-of-big-dipper3.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno's pictue of big dipper" border="0" alt="Juno's pictue of big dipper" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_jvTuZynm_aTr7XQtDdA_Xt6oGdZm3Kfb1TzKhEijtMzSv_WCjaWqOw9jEtmLyR2l9Lr0K5MJoUOf72JJF-vbQQ6lmZIZuUqtO-YQgdK0KI1HNeyOb6_pXRLN_CZDCVVFHvY_uCfLHkTX/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="298"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">One of those instruments, JunoCam, is tasked with taking close-ups of the gas giant's atmosphere. But, with four-and-a-half years to go before photons of light from Jupiter first fill its CCD (charge-coupled device), and a desire to certify the camera in flight, Juno's mission planners took a page from their childhood and on March 21, aimed their camera at a familiar celestial landmark the Big Dipper.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">Juno's name comes from Greek and Roman mythology. The god Jupiter drew a veil of clouds around himself to hide his mischief, and his wife, the goddess Juno, was able to peer through the clouds and reveal Jupiter's true nature.</font> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt3WYtyEiJp1M5H45h1ozvSDs-Pb8ohDXiJNDqGyD9s0BEGFWuNC6sAkJna4OnlL4CSAJVdE71dk_DHuHHnvVsMamODGW9dedkOPSGbH6GoFdF73zCbGopEeAIAyjbFPl6pA2zz4jXuAzZ/s1600-h/Junos-photo-of-Earth-and-moon3.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno's photo of Earth and moon" border="0" alt="Juno's photo of Earth and moon" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjks2FL26FCjFgB6BME4sGBz0XQPxdVf1CrrYZT0QSY3aEtjllXzm8zDE3VS0gwno8SaNmZIWAHlvw09DIZ5CcKBFY6AjsyeGMW3VHVqn4okVQnPiTfFIr95WHYxaCpu9FTXOhyK4NzkKR3/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="379"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">On its way to the biggest planet in the solar system -- Jupiter, NASA's Juno spacecraft took time to capture its home planet and its natural satellite -- the moon.</font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">"This is a remarkable sight people get to see all too rarely," said Scott Bolton, Juno principal investigator from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. "This view of our planet shows how Earth looks from the outside, illustrating a special perspective of our role and place in the universe. We see a humbling yet beautiful view of ourselves." The image was taken by the spacecraft’s camera, JunoCam, on Aug. 26 when the spacecraft was about 6 million miles (9.66 million kilometers) away. The image was taken as part of the mission team’s checkout of the Juno spacecraft.</font> </p> <p align="justify"><font size="4"><font size="3"><strong>The JunoCam:</strong></font></font><font size="4"><br></font><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">The JunoCam will capture color pictures of Jupiter's cloud tops in visible light. The JunoCam will provide a wide-angle view of Jupiter's atmosphere and poles. JunoCam is designed as an outreach full-color camera to engage the public. The public will be involved in developing the images from raw data and even helping to design which areas of Jupiter should be imaged.</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-5okL5aI4HkPb-CQrjJbTKKWTEXzu1-8BnSCu5AblP9gopnAdu30SY2DiQ_90X7g6mTDmfcMb9Awd8ZNGcWmni0cvb-wcNeu8oyH30QPrxnDOeCSZbLe0faRXfUTm-td7eZdlU_Oye5Cn/s1600-h/Junocam2.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Junocam" border="0" alt="Junocam" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA1tS_T90sPheAlyjaDu5o_w6EpaamwBXfcyZ5p2pQfsIFGjtItCZd4hqcWqOpsyGMkYFR1QPf40M_ntwHqaPC88Z7UPqHdzk8_EA0ZUBaRm78bDLsEp2w_F_VeaPDdRVuvKIBwl_8V6sL/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="336"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">The JunoCam</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">The JunoCam camera head has a lens with a 58-degree cross-scan field of view. It acquires images by sweeping out that field while the spacecraft spins to cover an along-scan field of view of 360 degrees. Lines containing dark sky are subsequently compressed to an insignificant data volume. It takes images mainly when Juno is very close to Jupiter, with a maximum resolution of up to 1 to 2 miles (2 to 3 kilometers) per pixel. The wide-angle camera will provide new views of Jupiter's atmosphere. JunoCam's hardware is based on a descent camera that was developed for NASA's Mars Science Laboratory rover. Some of its software was originally developed for NASA's Mars Odyssey and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft. JunoCam is provided by Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, Calif.</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqMsyc01mrCWWJD4UDFWQcqZo8G37h3PnYEJJ-kqNLDS6JbpLVO50_b8q3vEICCtevljT2R4dEGwyWt5slU6tQBX4-1qgk5N7rEvR65608k2dWEw8vz-9_1VQwpPPHJc3vAHr0-eGJrG65/s1600-h/juno-today2.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="juno today" border="0" alt="juno today" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-VYtPuC2wsNA/T8BDfE4cGgI/AAAAAAAAC4E/B49rucp6Zh0/juno-today_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="504" height="285"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">This is Juno's present course and position</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">Juno covered the distance from Earth to the moon (about 250,000 miles or 402,000 kilometers) in less than one day's time. It will take the spacecraft another five years and 1,740 million miles (2,800 million kilometers) to complete the journey to Jupiter. The spacecraft will orbit the planet's poles 33 times and use its eight science instruments to probe beneath the gas giant's obscuring cloud cover to learn more about its origins, structure, atmosphere and magnetosphere, and look for a potential solid planetary core. After a year of that work it will be allowed to crash into Jupiter's surface to learn more about the planet similar to the LRO/LACROSS mission on the moon. Except Juno will be the surveyor and excavator on Jupiter.<br>The Juno spacecraft is in excellent health and is operating nominally. Four instruments are turned on: the Magnetometer experiment (FGM & ASC), JEDI, MWR and Waves</font>. </p> <p align="justify"><strong><font size="3">Most recent spacecraft significant events:</font></strong></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">During the week of April 5-11, the Juno mission operations team completed a demonstration test of the propulsion tank heating sequence that will be used prior to the upcoming main engine firings, scheduled for Aug. 30 and Sept. 4. These engine burns are referred to as Juno’s “deep space maneuvers,” and they serve to keep the spacecraft on course for its Oct. 2013 gravity assist flyby of Earth. The recent test serves to validate plans for warming the tanks and the propellant they contain to the temperatures required for the deep space maneuvers.</font> </p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"><strong>Propulsion System:</strong></font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-nYR6hsUeWOs/T8BDgTSCC6I/AAAAAAAAC4M/2s6-qXvan68/s1600-h/Juno%252527s%252520main%252520engine%252520covered%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno's main engine covered" border="0" alt="Juno's main engine covered" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigy6ngAMMFwK9xy8ak86JLcIxA5K7vYwu63SzfNSLzG0Ij5kq8CMTjD7tGDDruwMm1v3Rgt4TazpPYNXShrPwKLEoE0a1uUZlEg2BwGvazD8ryQMoNmmn7K-WLdpfLzSwZ039UPFOc-vbI/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="379"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">Technicians prepare NASA's Juno spacecraft for a functional test of its main engine cover. The spacecraft rests upon a dolly, which has tall legs to provide the necessary ground clearance for the engine cover to open. The cover will remain closed for most of Juno's mission, but must open for two main engine burns in 2012 that set up an Earth flyby gravity assist maneuver, and then in 2016 for the Jupiter orbit insertion burn and period reduction maneuver.</font> </p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj66BLQrWnKFfI-C1vMJmgzcZKnFFPsmuofJ8v6xbkegdVMEMgtGpcdzd6D0O60OPyc64OJa55dxxPBAzxmLjUsxscfdgmGIRXOCWn9XldUAF6rQYuNnbQ6wQt_0Itp2tEQ1MZglAhAvNP5/s1600-h/Juno%252527s%252520fuel%252520tanks%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno's fuel tanks" border="0" alt="Juno's fuel tanks" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIH_ZomMPJcGvO66w3oz-59Z5dT0vmy8bEwHKIJ7JSvnZSR3hSHXVo5mZ-ouCo6ctBa0-p9sI_0rtcVtOSDjU1UyzsUvn1wVnlh73PTgg8YUUNqe11sZqi-GumXBOMWZmQsJEenXfq3Gik/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="379"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">An exposed, side view of NASA's Juno spacecraft during its assembly features three of the spacecraft's spherical propellant tanks. Nearby, technicians install components that will aid with the spacecraft's guidance, navigation and control.</font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">For weight savings and redundancy, Juno uses a dual mode propulsion subsystem, with a bi-propellant main engine and mono-propellant reaction control system thrusters. The Leros-1b main engine is a 645-Newton bi-propellant thruster using hydrazine-nitrogen tetroxide. Its engine bell is enclosed in a micrometeoroid shield that opens for engine burns. The engine is fixed to the spacecraft body firing aft and is used for major maneuvers and flushing burns. The 12 reaction control system thrusters are mounted on four rocket engine modules. They allow translation and rotation about three axes. They are also used for most trajectory correction maneuvers.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"><strong>Juno a Rotating Spacecraft:</strong></font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">For Juno, like NASA's earlier Pioneer spacecraft, spinning makes the spacecraft's pointing extremely stable and easy to control. Just after launch, and before its solar arrays are deployed, Juno will be spun-up by rocket motors on its still-attached second-stage rocket booster. Juno's planned spin rate varies during the mission: 1 RPM for cruise, 2 RPM for science operations and 5 RPM for main engine maneuvers.</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">Juno is a mission of discovery and exploration that will conduct an in-depth study of Jupiter, the most massive planet in our solar system. Peering through the clouds deep into Jupiter's atmosphere, the mission will reveal fundamental processes of the formation and early evolution of our solar system. Juno's goal is to understand the origin and evolution of the gas giant planet, which will pave the way to a better understanding of our solar system and other planetary systems being discovered around other stars.</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-TRB0yWKbjJE/T8BDjpHCioI/AAAAAAAAC4s/_C7xhYCm0X8/s1600-h/Scott_Bolton%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Scott_Bolton" border="0" alt="Scott_Bolton" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGi9MVxyqNnMlN4X8cJ0GmXq9X-xoDUFVB1MnjZ1RdVwCbgRUtjxRAv5yoi9IbFonmzMhUuBUGgi9BhWav7SW6ZJLOcw5L9qnR5gSBLTQJmuq12cYtFMepCufuhByvwu9rrIg0RFvE4C63/?imgmax=800" width="304" height="404"></a></p> <p align="justify"><br><font color="#69b7f5" size="3">The Juno mission is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, CA. The Principal Investigator is Dr. Scott Bolton of Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX. The Juno spacecraft was built by Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, CO.</font></p> Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02936137584792569604noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4510969279456804745.post-30623961426112708982012-04-26T19:58:00.001-07:002012-04-26T19:58:15.470-07:00The Juno Mission<p> </p> <p align="center"><font size="4">The Juno Mission Report 1<br>4/26/12</font></p> <p align="center"><font size="4"></font> </p> <p align="center"><a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-6PxFm-l2WcE/T5oLCYajGGI/AAAAAAAACwA/GioqWr36lHg/s1600-h/Juno%252520lauch%252520atlas%25255B4%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno lauch atlas" border="0" alt="Juno lauch atlas" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL9ru_PKs-8lj-BOQ13vsuxYr66aB9ha7XeTQIDq1a1r6e76-uLQ-zymgUIbB7veVGnUdZe2VNdsQI3vvIFmVhT_igHbafb-4NTxMpPEK5wsgyGqmoS76gmac0mryj1DBGUumn2iTUhRXB/?imgmax=800" width="467" height="497"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Juno Launch From Cape Canaveral</font></p> <p><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">Spacecraft: Juno</font></p> <p><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">Launch Vehicle: United Launch Alliance Atlas V-551 </font></p> <p><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">Launch Site: Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station</font></p> <p><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">Launch Date: Aug. 5, 2011</font></p> <p><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">Launch Time: 12:25 p.m. EDT</font><br><font color="#4bacc6" size="3"><u></u></font></p> <p><font color="#4bacc6" size="3"><u>Elapsed Time: 263 days</u></font></p> <p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRmc7f6-8n3w0sJnPLfDg-shitlpXL8wUFeBDUcAdYCtY6DhFFJa2fUTihYvhFRQrFhRsb1Z51cZhqLXcgIhytyd2Sgyo2Xs0u9acOuHv-sez8dAeLLrR8i2vzQHCf71yC9O2vdizPgoIY/s1600-h/Juno%252520artist%252520concept%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno artist concept" border="0" alt="Juno artist concept" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-Jo9ADgkDwQo/T5oLGMim70I/AAAAAAAACwY/eq60UTsiHgU/Juno%252520artist%252520concept_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="504" height="421"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Juno Spacecraft Art</font></p> <p align="justify"><strong><font size="3">A Five-Year Journey:</font></strong></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#4bacc6" size="4">Juno’s trip to Jupiter will take about five years. Though the journey may seem long, this flight plan allows the mission to use Earth’s gravity to speed the craft on its way. The spacecraft first loops around the inner solar system and then swings past Earth two years after launch to get a boost that will propel it onward to its destination. In July 2016, Juno will fire its main engine and slip into orbit around the giant planet to begin its scientific mission.</font></p> <p><br><strong><font size="3">A Solar-Powered, Spinning Spacecraft:</font></strong></p> <p><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-DqtwHVTFXBw/T5oLGjyQK2I/AAAAAAAACwg/BJrXHrZPNzQ/s1600-h/juno%252520solar%252520array%25255B4%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="juno solar array" border="0" alt="juno solar array" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipROWTC9CdT1VxEvypdQzbyStI6Uiw9H_HHJKyMnyyNkvRDni4H0tpsACn8s4c5j16EBS-PsxH7-wtKo_RqPESMrJlKxeAPFtk6RMsVV_qM6R_tpj-hx_iZSlu9oh5hWzcRfmO_ayfEN2n/?imgmax=800" width="494" height="339"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">Actual size of Solar Array (3)</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">Jupiter’s orbit is five times farther from the sun than Earth’s location, so the giant planet receives about 25 times less sunlight than Earth. Juno will be the first solar-powered spacecraft designed to operate at such a great distance from the sun, and its solar panels must be quite large to generate sufficient power there. To meet this challenge, three solar panels extend outward from Juno’s hexagonal body, giving the spacecraft an overall span of 20 meters (66 feet).</font></p> <p align="justify"><strong><font size="3">Objectives:</font></strong></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">Juno will improve our understanding of the solar system’s beginnings by revealing the origin and evolution of Jupiter.</font></p><font color="#4bacc6" size="3"> <p align="justify"><br>Specifically, Juno will do the following activities:</p> <p align="justify"><br>1. Determine how much water is in Jupiter’s atmosphere, which helps determine which planet formation theory is correct (or if new theories are needed) <br>2. Look deep into Jupiter’s atmosphere to measure composition, temperature, cloud motions and other properties <br>3. Map Jupiter’s magnetic and gravity fields, revealing the planet’s deep structure <br>4. Explore and study Jupiter’s magnetosphere near the planet’s poles, especially the auroras – Jupiter’s northern and southern lights – providing new insights about how the planet’s enormous magnetic force field affects its atmosphere.</p> <p align="justify"><strong><font color="#ffc000">The Giant Planet Story is the Story of the Solar System :</font></strong></p> <p align="justify"><a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-LeuVCHNPw1I/T5oLIDFpZGI/AAAAAAAACww/gSVijsAUCr4/s1600-h/RingsofJupiter%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="RingsofJupiter" border="0" alt="RingsofJupiter" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd7HU16kNGDxEVaz0C4NABHMkXK8IPg1wQxFlXmiv1U2oKX2QQQJOSQs0Ulplc9jkW_FR431BnxmxwkWivkIwLRKZvaA39haCjlWaDmop6UczfDIc1hEBZtg5YxAxa1q5xEMx12gCL4bpu/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="379"></a></font></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">The Rings of Jupiter</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">Juno’s principal goal is to understand the origin and evolution of Jupiter. Underneath its dense cloud cover, Jupiter safeguards secrets to the fundamental processes and conditions that governed our solar system during its formation. As a primary example of a giant planet, Jupiter can also provide critical knowledge for understanding the planetary systems being discovered around other stars. With its suite of science instruments, Juno will investigate the existence of a solid planetary core, map Jupiter's intense magnetic field, measure the amount of water and ammonia in the deep atmosphere, and observe the planet's auroras. </font><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">Juno will let us take a giant step forward in our understanding of how giant planets form and the role these titans played in putting together the rest of the solar system.</font></p> <p align="justify"><strong><font size="3">Jupiter’s Origins and Interior:</font></strong> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">Theories about solar system formation all begin with the collapse of a giant cloud of gas and dust, or nebula, most of which formed the infant sun. Like the sun, Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, so it must have formed early, capturing most of the material left after our star came to be. How this happened, however, is unclear. Did a massive planetary core form first and gravitationally capture all that gas, or did an unstable region collapse inside the nebula, triggering the planet’s formation? Differences between these scenarios are profound.</font> </p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"><strong>Atmosphere:</strong></font> </p> <p align="justify"><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">How deep Jupiter's colorful zones, belts, and other features penetrate is one of the most outstanding fundamental questions about the giant planet. Juno will determine the global structure and motions of the planet’s atmosphere below the cloud tops for the first time, mapping variations in the atmosphere’s composition, temperature, clouds and patterns of movement down to unprecedented depths.</font> </p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"><strong>Magnetosphere:</strong></font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">Deep in Jupiter's atmosphere, under great pressure, hydrogen gas is squeezed into a fluid known as metallic hydrogen. At these great depths, the hydrogen acts like an electrically conducting metal which is believed to be the source of the planet's intense magnetic field. This powerful magnetic environment creates the brightest auroras in our solar system, as charged particles precipitate down into the planet’s atmosphere. Juno will directly sample the charged particles and magnetic fields near Jupiter’s poles for the first time, while simultaneously observing the auroras in ultraviolet light produced by the extraordinary amounts of energy crashing into the polar regions.</font> </p> <p align="justify"><strong><font size="3">Spacecraft & Instruments:</font></strong></p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_2QH53qJcYI1DygjxSkanZTt4TGXlv7Mowxdhpt7xZuxXCz1qnCxLq1VJ-70h9qztdJgOixhpdL5HaYMpw9E6c7O8wR9T522PE927V466f6JlmS1XamNHgGJyJGYsNTUsTi1HUpPBgkru/s1600-h/junospacecraft%252520%252526instruments%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Microsoft PowerPoint - Juno Payload Poster #488457.ppt [Compatibility Mode]" border="0" alt="Microsoft PowerPoint - Juno Payload Poster #488457.ppt [Compatibility Mode]" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBbSHehZosEw8IXctqyadPt-rxQjJH_lJAzwxYwAj2MIWoxOuBeFCtwMX0dKZh6m1OksJZu1JuZjHXwUSVyF52hYo9W-ytpT1gCg2AjO3BdjCUbHbJiHn-x65S_KX646nw_YWDaWgG2HoM/?imgmax=800" width="504" height="379"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font size="3"><font color="#4bacc6">The spacecraft will orbit Jupiter 32 times, skimming to within 3,100 miles (5,000 kilometers) above the planet's cloud tops, for approximately one year. Juno uses a spinning solar-powered spacecraft in a highly elliptical polar orbit that avoids most of Jupiter's high radiation regions. The designs of the individual instruments are straightforward and the mission does not require the development of any new technologies<br>Juno's scientific payload includes: <br></font></p></font> <p align="justify"><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">1. A gravity/radio science system (Gravity Science) (Done with high gain antenna which is on top of spacecraft).</font></p> <p><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">2. A six-wavelength microwave radiometer for atmospheric sounding and composition (MWR):</font> </p> <p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi740DbQmZNUAvBJLQiWLWHIOZaQWcuI53hRYmgyw-77HbxuIZrcH3YshKZAGj4mLlWneHevY9J3jOmrwfstFVoyWF9G9_LcUu3B2oQ3EfI_JxWNUfHQeH4Cm7w2tAMP1dbK_TmfD_dh_-t/s1600-h/Juno%252520six-wavelength%252520microwave%252520radiometer%25255B5%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno six-wavelength microwave radiometer" border="0" alt="Juno six-wavelength microwave radiometer" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz4Xn5n1B7-Fs2WBbMZHz7gmXhjOTM24-T2Ttf6HGY_u9GUcy91FyknMn9C_bhFd_MwOY4au6MB8GNPDCxmYlZOXjwNdMUUaKGv2dGmxHRh1rBv8ZcFKQyBPLsPVTA7wfA2xsdr6IXQGoX/?imgmax=800" width="319" height="275"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">A six-wavelength microwave radiometer</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">3. The vector magnetometer (MAG):</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnI_qZthWVtHAIFN276MGu_P7v3qFpL36G3fTXrv4OMFbCpdAkCt1oHacxmTC2a3ROQ905VmelQSxH62e_L3oz1tLDKNOkT6sVv94V49AQ4s_nPqbf8b6WImyBNxbrKPw5Hx88SiEoNxIB/s1600-h/juno-magnometer%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="juno-magnometer" border="0" alt="juno-magnometer" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-jZaa02dBOcA/T5oLNLgYquI/AAAAAAAACxo/tvxDE-I2qEU/juno-magnometer_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="504" height="339"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">The vector magnometer at the end of the solar array</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">4. Plasma and energetic particle detectors (JADE and JEDI):</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpsrCdvp4E9XKw7oe3ooPfPsfqT0IsWPdiJ0cJ-aLOMvYDh59sZYIGmXh3Qoz4Ph_z1-bnDAY4hvBrI2ZRZXq4OunUmz3gntOkyzDuSCrxCZ3xbIwpvem3i3U3K16LhUN8vdwemAzHl0wr/s1600-h/Juno%252520Jade%25255B2%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno Jade" border="0" alt="Juno Jade" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-oGmF6vmIrPg/T5oLOC9QF8I/AAAAAAAACx4/_-Z5-KjNi48/Juno%252520Jade_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="354" height="277"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">JADE</font></p> <p align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJW-tgXb39DfDBInqp70_OwJoFemMUOOsfo2N-FysT3VQv5Zhes6XrF0nLuFA8qNieTPjloLiMF8lKZ_9k3v2pZ08N73mhWlHHR05wvAIheepbHhZlPub8mjfihyphenhyphenJzhqm2mbZ0ihbIomd4/s1600-h/Juno%252520particle%252520detector%25255B3%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA " border="0" alt="OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA " src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhl92TcS-a8KAZqztEf8d6XXAi2-pXOji84pAb0lOID_fqD4rfd5wx3cpLhCdthK3ZeNPdUddR1HMoqA_PMf7xWNMhr4vR45mZSZuSbh_LT1kwNnmZ97pmuTBozMukZlDAnIQfSmwC3Ytg/?imgmax=800" width="404" height="304"></a></p> <p align="center"><font color="#ff0000" size="2">JEDI</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">5. A radio/plasma wave experiment (Waves) .</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">6. An ultraviolet imager/spectrometer (UVS) </font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">7. An infrared imager/spectrometer (JIRAM) :</font></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">8.The spacecraft will also carry a color camera, called the JunoCam, to provide the public with the first detailed glimpse of Jupiter's poles.</font></p> <p align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZWa8qpI_s-ng3CEBgFQ1dn32-UYqHKRZgn0oZGcFzahN2mahR6eFtgqFmONf9emup8yefk1SjCcKaGkpiozZvo04kZ8gUuPb5ylRwR41xkplDO_7Kj_IUqFVqFMD00Tc5s4ymSwQtaFkx/s1600-h/Juno%252520gravity%252520science%252520and%252520other%252520instruments%25255B4%25255D.jpg"><img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Juno gravity science and other instruments" border="0" alt="Juno gravity science and other instruments" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO3TgqCD0jljOWl4tjC387CdyRspsDlBM6RVjQMMS3kE4dy0K4ziMFvHwhpykECkNBwBy6Yi4K96xRjttwMi8Rp3e6flhJ64NIjxohnbXE2YAUqq2vlwAtO7baR-wWXq4KAjp3cxaZEAlH/?imgmax=800" width="505" height="547"></a></p> <p align="justify"><font color="#4bacc6" size="3">This is my first report on this particular mission. It will change over time into a different form possibly updates when they occur just like the other missions I write about. When the next one comes out I cannot say, but when it does I will be one of the first to post new information on this mission when it occurs.</font></p> Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02936137584792569604noreply@blogger.com0